ブラーマリー

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ブラーマリー（サンスクリット語：भ्रामरी、ローマ字表記： Bhrāmarī、直訳すると 「蜂のような」）は、ヒンドゥー教の蜂の女神である。彼女はシャクティズムにおける女神マハデーヴィーの化身とされる[1][2] [3][4][5]、[6]。

語源[編集]

ブラーマリーとは「蜂の女神」または「黒蜂の女神」を意味する[7]。

図像[編集]

女神は、ミツバチ、スズメバチ、アシナガバチと関連しており、それらが彼女の体にまとわりついているため、通常は彼女の4本の手からミツバチやスズメバチが発せられている姿で描かれる[8]。

伝承[編集]

『デーヴィ・バガヴァタ・プラーナ』の第10巻第13章には、女神ブラーマリーの功績が詳しく記録されている[9]。

ダイティヤの街に、アルナという名の強力なアスラが住んでいた。彼はデーヴァを軽蔑し、何よりも神々を征服することを望んでいた。彼はヒマラヤ山脈のガンジス川のほとりに赴き、ブラフマー神をダイティヤの守護神と信じ、 厳しい苦行を行った。

ブラフマーは、アルナスラの苦行と決意を見て、いかなる戦争、武器、男でも女でも、二足歩行や四足歩行の生き物でも、あるいはその両者の組み合わせでも死なないという恩恵を彼に授けるのがふさわしいと考えた。この恩恵により、アルナスラは冥界に住む他のすべてのダイティヤを召集し、天上の神々と最後の戦いを戦う自信を得た。


Observing his penance and resolve, Brahma saw fit to bless Arunasura with the boon of not meeting his end at any war, nor by any arms or weapons, nor by any man or any woman, by any biped or quadruped creature, or any combination of the two. This blessing gave Arunasura the confidence to call on all the other daityas living in the nether regions and fight a final battle with the deities above. The daityas saluted him as their king. By his command, they sent messengers to Devaloka to signal their intent. Upon hearing the news, Indra trembled with fear, and went instantly with the deities to the abode of Brahma. After discussing the situation with Brahma, they went to the Vaikuntha to recruit Vishnu. There, they all held a conference on how to kill the daitya who sought to overthrow them.

While the deities conferred, Arunasura and his army invaded Devaloka. The daitya used the power of his penances to assume various forms and seized possession of the Chandra, Surya, Yama, Agni, and all the elemental deities. All these deities, dislodged from their stations, visited Kailasha, and presented to Shiva the dire nature of their situation. After conferring with Shiva, they turned to Adi Parashakti. The goddess was aware of Aruna's blessing, and devised a plan to kill the daitya with the help of six-legged creatures.

After taking control of all the celestial regions, Aruna's next intention was to attack Kailasha directly. Shiva and his sons confronted him at the foot of the mountain. They tried to defeat him, but were unsuccessful. Even Shiva was unable to defeat him. Adi Shakti then appeared behind Shiva, and grew to a massive size, emanating bees from her four hands. Her three eyes shone like the sun, the moon, and the eternal fire Agni. She closed her eyes in concentration, summoning forth countless bees, hornets, wasps, flies, termites, mosquitos and spiders from the skies. They crawled onto her body and clung onto her, merging with her to create the divine form of Bhramari.

In the battle that ensued, the daityas' swords were blocked by Bhramari's massive size, while her other arms inflicted damage on the massive army. The bees, hornets, wasps, flies, termites, mosquitos, and spiders, which clung to her emanated forth in a wave over the ranks. When Arunasura was the last daitya remaining on the battlefield, she retreated and sent out all of the insects to attack him. They crawled all over him and ripped open each part of his body: his chests, back and belly, arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, and toes were all torn apart. Soon after seeing Arunasura's great fall, the insects returned to Bhramari and clung on her again. The deities, who were in awe of this new form, gave her great praise. On the successful decimation of the daitya forces, all of the devas were able to return to their celestial abodes.

Literature[編集]

Devi Bhagavata Purana[編集]

The salutations offered to Bhramari in the Devi Bhagavata Purana indicate that she is a form of the goddess of prosperity, Lakshmi:[10] テンプレート:Blockquote

Marakandeya Purana[編集]

She is also briefly alluded to in the Devi Mahatmya.[11]

Lakshmi Tantra[編集]

Lakshmi declares herself to be Bhramari in the Lakshmi Tantra:[12] テンプレート:Blockquote

Yoga[編集]

In pranayama, the name Bhramari is given to a type of breathing through the nose, making a smooth humming sound like a bee buzzing.[13][14]

Worship[編集]

The goddess is worshipped as Bhramaramba together with Shiva at the following temples:

See also[編集]

Notes[編集]

References[編集]

  1. ↑ Klostermaier, Klaus K., https://books.google.com/books?id=CFQ9DgAAQBAJ&dq=bhramari+devi+bhagavatam&pg=PA217, Mythologies and Philosophies of Salvation in the Theistic Traditions of India, 2006-01-01, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, isbn:978-0-88920-743-1, p217
  2. ↑ Books Kausiki, https://books.google.com/books?id=5zxKEAAAQBAJ&dq=bhramari+goddess+of+bees&pg=PT89, Markandeya Purana Part 2: Devi Mahatmya: English Translation only without Slokas, 2021-10-24, Kausiki Books, p89
  3. ↑ 彼女はパンチャラートラ文献においてラクシュミーの一形態と見なされており、一方シヴァ派では、パールヴァティーの一形態とも見なされている。
  4. ↑ Makarand Joshi, http://archive.org/details/laksmitantratranslationbysanjuktaguptareprintdelhi2003lakshmitantra, LAKSMI TANTRA Translation By Sanjukta Gupta Reprint Delhi 2003 LAKSHMI TANTRA
  5. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=o2ZpAAAAcAAJ&dq=bhramari+lakshmi&pg=PA154, The Attanagalū-Vansa, Or the History of the Temple of Attanagalla: Translated ... with Notes ... by J. D'Alwis. [With the Pali Text Appended.], 1866, Pali and Eng. Colombo, p154
  6. ↑ Byghan Yowann, https://books.google.com/books?id=qunaDwAAQBAJ&dq=bhramari+goddess+of+bees&pg=PA303, Sacred and Mythological Animals: A Worldwide Taxonomy, 2020-03-11, McFarland, isbn:978-1-4766-7950-1, p303
  7. ↑ Dowson John, https://books.google.com/books?id=UyAHAAAAQAAJ&dq=bhramari+bee+goddess&pg=PA87, A classical dictionary of Hindu mythology and religion, geography, history and literature, 1879, p87
  8. ↑ Coburn, Thomas B., https://books.google.com/books?id=zaTtIQguKYIC&dq=bhramari+goddess+of+bees&pg=PA193, Encountering the Goddess: A Translation of the Devi-Mahatmya and a Study of Its Interpretation, State University of New York Press, isbn:978-0-7914-9931-3, p193
  9. ↑ The Devi Bhagavatam: The Tenth Book: Chapter 13 |, http://sacred-texts.com/hin/db/bk10ch13.htm#page_1046, 2016-03-26
  10. ↑ On the account of Bhrāmarī Devī [Chapter 13].2013-05-15 - via {{{via}}}.
  11. ↑ テンプレート:Cite book
  12. ↑ Bhramari, Bhramarī, Bhrāmarī: 13 definitions.2015-12-09 - via {{{via}}}.
  13. ↑ Types of Pranayama.2019 - via {{{via}}}.
  14. ↑ テンプレート:Cite book
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 KateelDevi | Kateel Devi|Kateel Durgaparameshwari Temple Official Website|Kateel devasthana |News|Events|Photos| Devi temple|Kateel school|College|Goshala|Yakshagana|Annadhana.{{{date}}} - via {{{via}}}.
  16. ↑ Mata Bhanbhori Devi Mandir, hisar.gov.in, accessed 29 Sept 2025.
  17. ↑ यहां मान्यता ऐसी कि भूमि से पैदा हुई देवी मां की प्रतिमा, देश विदेश से आते हैं श्रद्धालु, Jagran, 20 March 2018.
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