15,445
回編集
差分
ナビゲーションに移動
検索に移動
→治癒者であり、災厄から身を守る神
=== 治癒者であり、災厄から身を守る神 ===
古典時代、民衆の宗教における主な役割は魔除けであり、そのため彼は「アポトロパイオス」（ἀποτρόπαιος、「魔除け」）、「アレクシカコス」（ἀλεξίκακος「病気を防ぐ」、v. ἀλέξω + n. κακόνから）と呼ばれていた<ref>Pausanias VIII 41, 8-IV 34, 7-Sittig. Nom P. 48. f-Aristoph. Vesp. V. 61-Paus. I 3, 4. Martin Nilsson (1967) Vol I, pp. 540, 544</ref>。 In classical times, his major function in popular religion was to keep away evil, and he was therefore called "apotropaios" ({{lang|grc|ἀποτρόπαιος}}, "averting evil") and "alexikakos" ({{lang|grc|ἀλεξίκακος}} "keeping off ill"; from [[verb|v.]] {{lang|grc|ἀλέξω}} + [[noun|n.]] {{lang|grc|κακόν}}).<ref>Pausanias VIII 41, 8-IV 34, 7-Sittig. Nom P. 48. f-Aristoph. Vesp. V. 61-Paus. I 3, 4. Martin Nilsson (1967) Vol I, pp. 540, 544</ref> Apollo also had many epithets relating to his function as a healer. Some commonly-used examples are "paion" ({{lang|grc|παιών}} literally "healer" or "helper")<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0062:entry=paean-harpers]: Harper's Dictionary of classical antiquity</ref> "epikourios" ({{lang|grc|ἐπικούριος}}, "succouring"), "oulios" ({{lang|grc|οὔλιος}}, "healer, baleful")<ref>{{LSJ|ou)/lios|οὔλιος|shortref}}.</ref> and "loimios" ({{lang|grc|λοίμιος}}, "of the plague"). In later writers, the word, "paion", usually spelled "Paean", becomes a mere epithet of Apollo in his capacity as a god of [[healing]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Graf|first=Fritz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=it9n9_I-UOkC&pg=PA66|title=Apollo|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2008|isbn=978-0-203-58171-1|page=66}}</ref>
Apollo in his aspect of "healer" has a connection to the primitive god [[Paean (god)|Paean]] ({{lang|grc|Παιών-Παιήων}}), who did not have a cult of his own. Paean serves as the healer of the gods in the ''[[Iliad]]'', and seems to have originated in a pre-Greek religion.<ref>Paieon ({{lang|grc|Παιήων}}) puts pain-relieving medicines on the wounds of Pluton and Ares ( [[Iliad|Ilias]] E401). This art is related with Egypt: ([[Odyssey]] D232): M. Nilsson Vol I, p. 543</ref> It is suggested, though unconfirmed, that he is connected to the [[Mycenaean Greece|Mycenaean]] figure ''pa-ja-wo-ne'' (Linear B: {{lang|gmy|𐀞𐀊𐀺𐀚}}).<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mycenaeans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXwzT1048Z4C&pg=PA160|page=160|first=Louise|last=Schofield|year=2007|publisher=The British Museum Press|isbn=978-0-89236-867-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/linear-b-transliterations/knossos/kn-v/kn-v/#toc-kn-v-52|title=KN V 52+|website=Deaditerranean: Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B|access-date=17 March 2014|archive-date=18 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318004206/http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/linear-b-transliterations/knossos/kn-v/kn-v/#toc-kn-v-52|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Chawick">{{cite book|last=Chadwick|first=John|author-link=John Chadwick|title=The Mycenaean World|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0-521-29037-1|url=https://archive.org/details/mycenaeanworld00chad|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/mycenaeanworld00chad/page/89 89]}} At Google Books.</ref> Paean was the personification of holy songs sung by "seer-doctors" ({{lang|grc|ἰατρομάντεις}}), which were supposed to cure disease.<ref>{{lang|grc|Ἐπὶ καταπαύσει λοιμῶν καὶ νόσων ᾄδόμενος}}. ''Which is sung to stop the plagues and the diseases''. Proklos: Chrestom from Photios Bibl. code. 239, p. 321: Martin Nilsson. Die Geschicthe der Griechischen religion. Vol I, p. 543</ref>
