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In the [[Akkadian literature|Akkadian]] ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]'', Ishtar appears to Gilgamesh after he and his companion [[Enkidu]] have returned to Uruk from defeating the ogre [[Humbaba]] and demands Gilgamesh to become her consort.Gilgamesh refuses her, pointing out that all of her previous lovers have suffered:{{sfn|Dalley|1989|page=80}} {{blockquote|Listen to me while I tell the tale of your lovers. There was Tammuz, the lover of your youth, for him you decreed wailing, year after year. You loved the many-coloured [[lilac-breasted roller|Lilac-breasted Roller]], but still you struck and broke his wing [...] You have loved the lion tremendous in strength: seven pits you dug for him, and seven. You have loved the stallion magnificent in battle, and for him you decreed the whip and spur and a thong [...] You have loved the shepherd of the flock; he made meal-cake for you day after day, he killed kids for your sake. You struck and turned him into a wolf; now his own herd-boys chase him away, his own hounds worry his flanks.<ref name="Gilgamesh' p. 86">[[#Reference-Gilgamesh|''Gilgamesh'']], p. 86</ref>}}
→ギルガメシュ叙事詩
== 後の神話 ==
=== ''ギルガメシュ叙事詩'' ===
アッカド語の『ギルガメシュ叙事詩』では、鬼のフンババを倒してウルクに戻ったギルガメシュと仲間のエンキドゥの前にイシュタルが現れ、ギルガメシュに配偶者になることを要求する<ref>Dalley, 1989, page80</ref><ref>アブシュは、イシュタルの提案はギルガメッシュが死者の世界の労働者となることであるというテーゼを提案する。（Brandão、2019、p59）</ref> 。ギルガメシュは、これまでの恋人がみな苦しんでいたことを指摘し、彼女を拒絶する<ref>Dalley, 1989, page80</ref> 。
<blockquote>
お前の恋人の物語を話すから聞くように。タンムズはお前の青春の恋人だった。彼のためにお前は毎年、慟哭の令を出した。お前は色とりどりのライラック・ブレスト・ローラーを愛していたが、それでもお前はその翼を打ち、折ってしまった[...]。</blockquote>
Infuriated by Gilgamesh's refusal,{{sfn|Dalley|1989|page=80}} Ishtar goes to heaven and tells her father [[Anu]] that Gilgamesh has insulted her.{{sfn|Dalley|1989|page=80}} Anu asks her why she is complaining to him instead of confronting Gilgamesh herself.{{sfn|Dalley|1989|page=80}} Ishtar demands that Anu give her the [[Bull of Heaven]]{{sfn|Dalley|1989|page=80}} and swears that if he does not give it to her, she will "break in the doors of hell and smash the bolts; there will be confusion [i.e., mixing] of people, those above with those from the lower depths. I shall bring up the dead to eat food like the living; and the hosts of the dead will outnumber the living."<ref>[[#Reference-Gilgamesh|''Gilgamesh'']], p. 87</ref>
