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=== 具体的事例 ===
* '''[[アスタルト]]''': マリやエブラのような都市では、東セム語と西セム語の名前（イシュタルとアシュタルト）は基本的に互換性があるとみなされていた<ref>Smith, 2014, p35</ref>。しかし、西洋の女神はメソポタミアのイシュタルのような幽体離脱の性格を持っていないことが明らかである<ref>Smith, 2014, p36</ref>。
in cities like [[Mari, Syria|Mari]] and [[Ebla]], the Eastern and Western Semitic forms of the name (Ishtar and Ashtart) were regarded as basically interchangeable. However, the western goddess evidently lacked the astral character of Mesopotamian Ishtar.{{sfn|Smith|2014|p=36}} [[Ugarit]]ic god lists and ritual texts equate the local Ashtart with both Ishtar and Hurrian Ishara.{{sfn|Smith|2014|p=39, 74-75}}
* '''[[Ishara]]''': due to association with Ishtar,{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=134}} the Syrian goddess Ishara started to be regarded as a "lady of love" like her (and Nanaya) in Mesopotamia.{{sfn|Murat|2009|p=176}}{{sfn|Wiggermann|2010|p=417}} However, in Hurro-Hittite context Ishara was associated with the underworld goddess [[Allani]] instead and additionally functioned as a goddess of oaths.{{sfn|Murat|2009|p=176}}{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=124, 128}}
* '''[[Nanaya]]''': a goddess uniquely closely linked to Inanna, as according to assyriologist Frans Wiggermann her name was originally an epithet of Inanna (possibly serving as an appellative, "My Inanna!").{{sfn|Wiggermann|2010|p=417}} Nanaya was associated with erotic love, but she eventually developed a warlike aspect of her own too ("Nanaya Euršaba").{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=282}} In [[Larsa]] Inanna's functions were effectively split between three separate figures and she was worshiped as part of a trinity consisting out of herself, Nanaya (as a love goddess) and [[Ninsianna]] (as an astral goddess).{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=92}} Inanna/Ishtar and Nanaya were often accidentally or intentionally conflated in poetry.{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=116-117; 120}}
