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→ヒッタイト語録
=== ヒッタイト語録 ===
マリヤの崇拝はヒッタイトの支配下のアナトリアでも続き<ref>Frantz-Szabó, 1987, p304</ref>、ヒッタイトの様々な資料でよく証明されている<ref>Payne, 2019, p242</ref>。ヒッタイトの伝統では、彼女は水、特に川と関連していた<ref>Rutherford, 2020, p331</ref>。目録（KUB 38.33；裏面5行目）には、マリヤの鉄製像が記載されており、女性の河の神と説明されている<ref>Taracha, 2009, p115</ref>。また、マリヤは'''庭の女神'''としても機能していた<ref>Haas, 2015, p410</ref>。"庭園のマリヤ "は、テキストKUB 42.23に記載されており、彼女を "ワインと穀物の母 "と述べている<ref>Taracha, 2009, p115-116</ref>。この女神の位格は、植生神テリピヌと一緒に供物を受け取っていた<ref>Schwemer, 2022, p376</ref>。植物の成長を司る女神として、イナラや川の女神シャヒリヤ（Šaḫiriya）と一緒に呼び出されることもあった<ref>Haas, 2015, p479</ref>。トゥドハリヤ4世（在位：紀元前1240年頃 - 紀元前1215年頃）の治世の供物リストには、マリヤという山の神が記載されており、おそらく他のヒッタイト文書で知られているマリマリヤ（Malimaliya）と同定されるであろう<ref>Haas, 2015, pp410-411</ref>。しかし、後者は男性の神である<ref>Haas, 2015, p496</ref>。トルコのトカトの北東にあるマムダーという山がそれにあたるかもしれない<ref>Frantz-Szabó, 1987, p305</ref>。
The worship of Maliya continued in [[Anatolia]] under the rule of the [[Hittites]], and she is well attested in various Hittite sources. She was associated with water, especially with rivers, in Hittite tradition. An inventory tablet (KUB 38.33; line 5 on the obverse) mentions an iron statue of Maliya, described as a female river deity. She also functioned as a goddess of gardens. "Maliya of the Garden" is mentioned in the text KUB 42.23, which calls her the "mother of wine and grain". This [[Hypostasis (philosophy and religion)|hypostasis]] of the goddess received offerings alongside the vegetation god [[Telipinu (mythology)|Telipinu]]. As a goddess responsible for the growth of plants she could also be invoked alongside [[Inara (goddess)|Inara]] and the river goddess Šaḫiriya. An offering list from the reign of [[Tudḫaliya IV]] mentions a mountain deity named Maliya as well, possibly to be identified with Malimaliya known from other Hittite texts. However, the latter was a male deity. The corresponding mountain might be Mamu Dağ, located northeast of [[Tokat]] in [[Turkey]].{{sfn|Frantz-Szabó|1987|p=305}} There is also evidence that Maliya was associated with [[leatherworker]]s.{{sfn|Steitler|2019|p=131}} A community of leather workers and tanners dedicated to her lived close to a stream located in the proximity of the ''ašuša'' gate of [[Hattusa]].{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=132}} The text IBoT 3.1 mentions a high ranking leatherworker offering a type of vessel used to store perfume (''talla/i-'') during a drinking rite of Maliya performed in front of the royal couple.{{sfn|Steitler|2019|pp=131-132}} An association between Maliya and carpenters is also attested.{{sfn|Rutherford|2020|p=331}} "Maliya of the Carpenter" was among the deities of the town Salluntassi.{{sfn|Cammarosano|2015|p=216}}
In Hittite religion Maliya was traditionally associated with the city of Kanesh, and a "singer of Kanesh", who sung in the "Nesite" (Hittite) language was involved in a number of ceremonies dedicated to her.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=30}} It is assumed that the Kaneshite deities formed the oldest stratum of [[Hittite religion]],{{sfn|Barsacchi|2016|p=9}} but it is possible that the later group of "gods of Kanesh" in rituals was a conglomerate of deities originally belonging to various traditions and that as a whole it did not necessarily reflect the composition of the earliest Hittite pantheon.{{sfn|Archi|2010|p=32}} In the oldest sources from [[Hattusa]], Maliya's [[Cult (religious practice)|cult]] seemingly had a domestic character, but she also appears in the context of royal rituals after the rise of the Hittite Empire.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=115}} She is mentioned for example in a text pertaining to a festival meant to secure good fortune for the house of a ruler and to guarantee him an heir{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=51}} and a prayer in which she is invoked alongside the [[Weather god of Nerik]] to help suffering petitioners.{{sfn|Haas|2015|p=607}} During the reign of Tudḫaliya IV the central location associated with her, as well as with the other deities of Kanesh, was the so-called "Great Temple" in this city.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|p=133}} Deities from this group, including Maliya, as well as [[Pirwa]] and [[Askašepa]], were also worshiped in Ištanuwa.{{sfn|Taracha|2009|pp=116-117}} A different group, consisting of Maliya, a local storm god and <sup>[[dingir|d]]</sup>[[Ugur (god)|U.GUR]] (in this context possibly a logograpic spelling of the name of [[Zilipuri]], a [[Hattians|Hattian]] [[chthonic]] god from the circle of [[Lelwani]], or less plausibly the [[Mesopotamian god]] [[Nergal]]) was seemingly worshiped in Ḫulaša.{{sfn|Barsacchi|2016|p=10}} The existence of a city named after Maliya in Hittite times, while suggested in older literature, is now considered unproven.{{sfn|Barsacchi|2016|p=9}}
