15,557
回編集
差分
ナビゲーションに移動
検索に移動
編集の要約なし
'''イナンナ'''（シュメール語:𒀭𒈹、翻字] <sup>D</sup>INANNA、音声転写: Inanna）は、シュメール神話における[[金星]]、愛や美、戦い、豊穣の女神。別名[[イシュタル]]。ウルク文化期（紀元前4000年-紀元前3100年）からウルクの守護神として崇拝されていたことが知られている（[[エアンナ]]に祀られていた）。シンボルは[[藁|藁束]]と[[八芒星]]（もしくは十六芒星）。聖樹は[[アカシア]]、聖花は[[ギンバイカ]]、聖獣は[[ライオン]]。
イナンナ（ɪˈnɑːnə; 𒀭𒈹、<sup>D</sup>inanna, also 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒀭𒈾 <sup>D</sup>nin-an-na<ref>Heffron, 2016</ref>）<ref>Sumerian dictionary, http://oracc.iaas.upenn.edu/epsd2/cbd/sux/N.html , oracc.iaas.upenn.edu</ref>は古代メソポタミアの愛と戦争と豊穣の女神である。また、美、性、神の正義、政治的権力とも関連している。シュメールでは「イナンナ」の名で、後にアッカド人、バビロニア人、アッシリア人によって「イシュタル（ˈɪʃtɑːr; 𒀭𒀹𒁯、<sup>D</sup>ištar<ref>Heffron, 2016</ref> occasionally represented by the logogram 𒌋𒁯）」の名で崇拝された。
'''Inanna'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ɪ|ˈ|n|ɑː|n|ə}}; {{lang-sux|{{cuneiform|[[:wikt:𒀭𒈹|𒀭𒈹]]}}}} {{transl|sux|<sup>[[Dingir|D]]</sup>inanna, also 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒀭𒈾 <sup>[[Dingir|D]]</sup>nin-an-na}}{{sfn|Heffron|2016}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Sumerian dictionary |url=http://oracc.iaas.upenn.edu/epsd2/cbd/sux/N.html |website=oracc.iaas.upenn.edu}}</ref>}} is an [[List of Mesopotamian deities|ancient Mesopotamian goddess]] of love, war, and fertility. She is also associated with beauty, sex, [[Divine law|divine justice]], and political power. She was originally worshiped in [[Sumer]] under the name "Inanna", and later by the [[Akkadian Empire|Akkadians]], [[Babylonian religion|Babylonians]], and [[Assyria]]ns under the name "'''Ishtar'''".{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|ʃ|t|ɑːr|}}; {{cuneiform|𒀭𒀹𒁯}} {{transl|sux|<sup>[[Dingir|D]]</sup>ištar}},{{sfn|Heffron|2016}} occasionally represented by the [[logogram]] {{cuneiform|𒌋𒁯}}}} She was known as the "[[Queen of heaven (antiquity)|Queen of Heaven]]" and was the patron goddess of the [[Eanna]] temple at the city of [[Uruk]], which was her main [[Cult (religious practice)|cult]] center. She was associated with the planet [[Venus]] and her most prominent symbols included the [[Lion of Babylon|lion]] and the [[Star of Ishtar|eight-pointed star]]. Her husband was the god [[Dumuzid]] (later known as Tammuz) and her ''[[sukkal]]'', or personal attendant, was the goddess [[Ninshubur]] (who later became conflated with the male deities [[Ilabrat]] and [[Papsukkal]]).
Inanna was worshiped in [[Sumer]] at least as early as the [[Uruk period]] ({{circa}} 4000 BCE – {{circa}} 3100 BCE), but she had little cult activity before the conquest of [[Sargon of Akkad]]. During the post-Sargonic era, she became one of the most widely venerated deities in the Sumerian pantheon,{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|page=xviii}}{{sfn|Nemet-Nejat|1998|page=182}} with temples across [[Mesopotamia]]. The cult of Inanna/Ishtar, which may have been associated with a variety of [[Sexual ritual|sexual rites]], was continued by the [[East Semitic]]-speaking people ([[Akkadians]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] and [[Babylonians]]) who succeeded and absorbed the Sumerians in the region. She was especially beloved by the [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], who elevated her to become the highest deity in their pantheon, ranking above their own [[national god]] [[Ashur (god)|Ashur]]. Inanna/Ishtar is alluded to in the [[Hebrew Bible]] and she greatly influenced the [[Ugarit]]ic [[Ashtart]] and later [[Phoenicia]]n [[Astarte]], who in turn possibly influenced the development of the Greek goddess [[Aphrodite]]. Her cult continued to flourish until its gradual decline between the first and sixth centuries CE in the wake of [[Christianity]].
