== シュメールの宇宙論において ==
シュメールの神エンキ(アッカド語ではエア)は、人類が誕生する以前からアプスーに住んでいたと信じられていた。 The [[Sumer]]ian god [[Enki]] (Ea in the [[Akkadian language]]) was believed to have lived in the abzu since before human beings were created. His wife [[Damgalnuna]], his mother [[Nammu]], his advisor [[Isimud]] and a variety of subservient creatures, such as the gatekeeper [[Lahmu]], also lived in the abzu.シュメールの神エンキ(アッカド語ではエア)は、人類が誕生する以前からアプスーに住んでいたと信じられていた。妻のダムガルヌナ、母のナンムー、顧問のイシムード、そして門番のラームーなど、さまざまな従属的な神々もアプスーで生活していた<ref>{{cite book |last=Orlin |first=Eric |author-link= |date=, 2015-11-19 |title= , Routledge Encyclopedia of Ancient Mediterranean Religions|url=, https://books.google.com/books?id=dXH4CgAAQBAJ&dq=abzu+damgalnuna&pg=PA8 |location= |publisher=, Routledge |page=8 |, page8, isbn=:978-1134625529}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Horowitz |first=Wayne |author-link= |date=, 1998 |title=, Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography |url=, https://books.google.com/books?id=P8fl8BXpR0MC&dq=abzu+lahmu&pg=PA308 |location= |publisher= , Eisenbrauns|page=308 |, page308 , isbn=:0931464994}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Putthoff |first= Tyson|author-link= |date=, 2020 |title=, Gods and Humans in the Ancient Near East |url=, https://books.google.com/books?id=9Cn-DwAAQBAJ&dq=abzu+isimud&pg=PA71 |location= |publisher=, Cambridge University Press |page=71 |, page71 , isbn=:978-1108490542}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Eppihimer|first=Melissa |author-link= |date= , 2019|title= , Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians|url=, https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtGaDwAAQBAJ&dq=gatekeeper+lahmu&pg=PA188 |location= |publisher= , Oxford University Press|page=188 |, page188, isbn=:978-0190903015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=N. Pope|first=Charles |author-link= |date=, 2016 |title=, Living in Truth: Archaeology and the Patriarchs (Part I): Early Pharaohs |url=, https://books.google.com/books?id=Aax2DAAAQBAJ&dq=isimud+advisor&pg=PA17 |location= |publisher=, DomainOfMan.com |page=17 |isbn=}}, page17</ref>。
==As a deity==