差分

[[ファイル:Image-Pashupati3.png| 350px |thumb|'''＜参考＞'''モヘンジョダロで出土した封印 - [[パシュパティ]]（獣の王）<ref group="私注">冠が「オメガ」の形のように思える。</ref>]]

アルスター物語群に登場するアイルランドの英雄クー・フーリン<ref>Porter, ''A Sculpture at Tandragee'', p. 227.</ref>の育ての親であるコナール・セルナッハ（Conall の育ての親であるコナール・サーナッハ（Conall Cernach）の名前にcernの語源を見出そうとする試みがなされている。この解釈では、セルナッハ（Cernachは）「角ばった、勝利した、突出した」という広い意味を持つ蔑称とされるが、コナールとケルヌンノスが関連しているという証拠はほとんどない<ref>John Koch. (2006) Cernunnos [in] ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia'', p. 396. ABC-Clio.</ref>。

8世紀に書かれた「Táin Bó Fraích」（「Fraechへの牛の襲撃」）という物語に登場するConallの短い一節は、Conallが「獣の主人」としての属性を備えていたことの証拠とされているFraích」（「Fraechへの牛の襲撃」）という物語に登場するコナールの短い一節は、コナールが「獣の主人」としての属性を備えていたことの証拠とされている<ref name="Anne Ross 1967">Anne Ross. (1967, 1996). ''Pagan Celtic Britain: Studies in Iconography and Tradition''. Academy Chicago Publishers.</ref>。。この物語では、コナール・サーナハは、主人公フリーチが妻と息子を救出し、家畜を取り戻すのを助ける英雄であり、強大な戦士として描かれている。コナールが侵入しなければならない砦は、大蛇が守っていた。この物語の最大の山場は、恐ろしい大蛇がコナールを襲う代わりに、コナールの腰に飛び込んできて、ベルトのようにコナールを包むところである。コナールは大蛇を殺さず、生かしておいて、大蛇が守っていた砦の財宝を奪っていく<ref group="私注">コナールと大蛇が一体化していることが示されているように思う。</ref>。コナール・サーナッハの姿は、他の場所では動物や林業と関連付けられておらず、"Cernach "という蔑称は、コナールが怪我から身を守るために "角のように"皮膚を突き通せないようにしたという説明で伝統的に説明されている。

  A brief passage involving Conall in an eighth-century story entitled ''Táin Bó Fraích'' ("The Cattle Raid on Fraech") has been taken as evidence that Conall bore attributes of a "master of beasts." In this passage Conall Cernach is portrayed as a hero and mighty warrior who assists the protagonist Fraech in rescuing his wife and son, and reclaiming his cattle. The fort that Conall must penetrate is guarded by a mighty serpent. The supposed anti-climax of this tale is when the fearsome serpent, instead of attacking Conall, darts to Conall's waist and girdles him as a belt. Rather than killing the serpent, Conall allows it to live, and then proceeds to attack and rob the fort of its great treasures the serpent previously protected. The figure of Conall Cernach is not associated with animals or forestry elsewhere; and the epithet "Cernach" has historically been explained as a description of Conall's impenetrable "horn-like" skin which protected him from injury. ==Possible connection to Saint Ciarán聖キアランとの関連の可能性 ==[[File:God of Etang sur Arroux possible depiction of Cernunnos.jpg|thumb|God of [[Etang-sur-Arroux]], a possible depiction of Cernunnos. He wears a [[torc]] at the neck and on the chest. Two [[snakes]] with ram heads encircle him at the waist. Two cavities at the top of his head are probably designed to receive [[deer]] antlers. Two small human faces at the back of his head indicate that he is [[polycephaly|tricephalic]]. [[Musée d'Archéologie Nationale]] (National Archaeological Museum), in [[France]].]][[File:Cernunnos - Parco di Naquane R 70 - Capo di Ponte (Foto Luca Giarelli).jpg|thumb|Rock carving of an antlered figure in the [[rock drawings in Valcamonica|National park of Naquane]], [[Italy]].ケルヌンノスの特質は、アイルランド十二使徒の一人である聖キアラン・オブ・サイギールの生涯に内包されているとする説もある。彼の伝記によると、最初の小さな独房を建てるとき、彼の最初の弟子であり修道士は、神によって祝福されたイノシシであったという。この後、狐、狢、狼、牡鹿と続いた<ref name=cernunnos>Umberto Sansoni-Silvana Gavaldo, ''L'arte rupestre del Pià d'Ort: la vicenda di un santuario preistorico alpino'', p. 156; {{cite web|url=http://www.voli.bs.it/Itinera/02/senza_itinerario/piancogno/des_piancogno.html|title=Ausilio Priuli, ''Piancogno'' su "Itinera"|access-date=2 April 2009|language=it|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060506110833/http://www.voli.bs.it/itinera/02/senza_itinerario/piancogno/des_piancogno.html|archive-date=6 May 2006}}.</ref>]] Some see the qualities of Cernunnos subsumed into the ''life'' of [[Ciarán of Saigir|Saint Ciarán of Saighir]], one of the [[Twelve Apostles of Ireland]]. When he was building his first tiny cell, as his [[hagiography]] goes, his first disciple and monk was a boar that had been rendered gentle by God. This was followed by a fox, a badger, a wolf and a stag.<ref>{{cite book| last = Mac Cana| first = Proinsias| title = , Celtic Mythology| orig-year = , 1970| year = , 1973| publisher = , The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited| location = , London| , isbn = :0-600-00647-6| pages = , [https://archive.org/details/celticmythology00macc/page/47 47–8]| url-access = , registration| url = , https://archive.org/details/celticmythology00macc/page/47}}</ref> ==Neopaganism and Wicca==Within [[Neopaganism]], specifically the [[Wiccan]] tradition, The [[Horned God]] is a deity that is believed to be the consort of the [[Great Goddess]] and syncretizes various horned or antlered gods from various cultures. The name Cernunnos became associated with the Wiccan Horned God through the adoption of the writings of Margaret Murray, an Egyptologist and folklorist of the early 20th century. Murray, through her [[Witch-cult hypothesis]], believed that the various horned deities found in Europe were expressions of a "proto-horned god" and in 1931 published her theory in "The God of the Witches". Her work was considered highly controversial at the time, but was adopted by Gerald Gardner in his development of the religious movement of Wicca.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenewinquiry.com/blog/forced-into-the-fringe-margaret-murrays-witch-cult-hypothesis/|title=Forced into the Fringe: Margaret Murray's Witch-Cult Hypothesis|date=21 April 2017}}</ref> Within the Wiccan tradition, The Horned God reflects the seasons of the year in an annual cycle of life, death and rebirth and his imagery is a blend of the Gaulish god Cernunnos, the Greek god [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]], The [[Green Man]] motif, and various other horned spirit imagery.<ref>Farrar, Stewart & Janet, ''Eight Sabbats for Witches''</ref><ref>''The Rebirth of Witchcraft'', Doreen Valiente, page 52-53</ref> ==In popular culture==*Cernunnos is featured in both [[Marvel Comics]] and [[DC Comics]] as a member of the Celtic pantheon.*Cernunnos is a playable hunter as the second of the Celtic gods to arrive in [[Smite (video game)|Smite]].*In the french production [[Black Spot (TV series)|Black Spot]] Cernunnos is referred to frequently as the woodsman. ==See also==* [[Abbots Bromley Horn Dance]]* [[Celtic polytheism]]* [[Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism]]* [[Green Man]]* [[Herne the Hunter]]* [[Horned God]] ==References==* ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]]'' (CIL) volume 13, number 03026* Delmarre, Xavier (2003). ''Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise'' (2nd ed.). Paris: Editions Errance. {{ISBN|2-87772-237-6}}.* Lejeune, Michel (1995). ''Recueil des inscriptions gauloises'' (RIG) volume 1, ''Textes gallo-grecs''. Paris: Editions du CNRS.* Nussbaum, Alan J. (1986). ''Head and Horn in Indo-European''. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. {{ISBN|3-11-010449-0}}.* Porkorny, Julius (1959). ''Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Berlin: Franke Verlag.   ==External links==* [http://www.shadowdrake.com/celtic/gundestrup.html "Is the Gundestrup Cauldron an Authentic Celtic Artifact?"]: A possibly ancient depiction of the Horned God。