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Many attributes of the ''divs'ディブ' can be applied to other demons within Middle Eastern lore, like the jinn and the devils. 'の属性は、ジンやデビルなど、中東の他の悪魔にも当てはめることができる。 Even the devils and the jinn, both deriving from Islamic scriptures, are often hard to distinguish and it seems in some texts, ''div'', jinn and devils are used synonymous. Some scholars argued, that the term ''jinn'' should rather be regarded as a general designation for any supernatural creature, including the ordinary jinn, the devils, ''divs'' and other Middle Eastern demons similar to the broader meaning of ''spirits'', in Western language. Others assume, that ''div'' is simply the Persian term for ''jinn''. However, this poses some major problems, because the jinn are morally ambivalent or even intentionally benevolent, while the ''divs'' are considered evil or perverted creatures.<ref>Tobias Nünlist Dämonenglaube im Islam Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015 ISBN 978-3-110-33168-4 p. 519 (German)</ref>
→悪魔やジンなどの用語との関係
== 悪魔やジンなどの用語との関係 ==
Besides their unambiguously evil nature, the ''divs'' are more physical in appearance compared to the jinn (and the devils).<ref>Travis Zadeh Commanding Demons and Jinn: The Sorcerer in Early Islamic Thought Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2014 p-142-149</ref><ref>A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HERO IN MEDIEVAL IRELAND, PERSIA, AND ENGLAND by Connell Raymond Monette A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of The Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto</ref> Therefore, they are sometimes referred to as fiends or ogres.<ref name=Sykes>{{Cite journal |first=Ella C. |last=Sykes |date=27 April 1901 |title=Persian Folklore |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.tz17z4&view=2up&seq=302 |journal=[[Folklore (journal)|Folklore]] |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=261–280 |doi=10.1080/0015587X.1901.9719633 |access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> Among the ''people of the air'', the ''div'' are in turn explicitdly distinguished from the jinn and the ogres.<ref>Shamanism and Islam: Sufism, Healing Rituals and Spirits in the Muslim World. (2017). Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 148</ref> The term ''div'' is frequently juxtaposed to the terms ''[[Ifrit|afarit]]'', ''shaitan'' (devil) and ''taghut'' (idol), indicating a relationship between those beings and distinguishing them from the jinn.<ref>Huart, Cl. and Massé, H., “Dīw”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 12 October 2021 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1879>
