差分

[[File:Gundestrup CTaranis_Jupiter_with_wheel_and_thunderbolt_Le_Chatelet_Gourzon_Haute_Marne.jpgjpeg| thumb| [[Gundestrup cauldron]], created between 200&nbsp;BC and 300&nbsp;AD, is thought to have a depiction of Taranis on the inner wall of cauldron on tile C350px|タラニス（車輪と雷鳴を持つジュピター）、ル・シャトレ、グールゾン、オートマルヌ県、フランス]] ケルト神話では、タラニス（Proto-Celtic: *Toranos, earlier *Tonaros; Latin: Taranus, earlier Tanarus）は雷神で、主にガリア、イスパニア、イギリス、アイルランドで崇拝され、ラインランドやドナウ地域などでも崇拝されていた。タラニスは、[[エスス]]、トータティスとともに、ケルトの神としてローマの詩人ルカヌスの叙事詩『ファルサリア』に登場し、人間の生け贄が捧げられたとされる、テウタテスとともに、ケルトの神としてローマの詩人ルカヌスの叙事詩『ファルサリア』に登場し、人間の生け贄が捧げられたとされる<ref>M. Annaeus Lucanus. ''Pharsalia,'' [http://worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/poetry/Pharsalia/chap1.html Book I] , https://web.archive.org/web/20060502115056/http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/poetry/Pharsalia/chap1.html , 2006-05-02</ref>。4世紀以降のルカヌスの注釈書『コンメンタ・ベルネンシア』では、無名の著者がタラニスへの生贄は木の容器で焼かれたと書き添えている<ref>Maier, Bernhard, Bernhard Maier, Dictionary of Celtic Religion and Culture, 1997, Boydell & Brewer, page36</ref><ref>Mircea Eliade, ''A History of Religious Ideas'', Vol. 2. University of Chicago Press (1982). § 171.</ref>。タラニスは、ギリシャ神話のキュクロプス・ブロンテス（Cyclops Brontes、「雷」）と同様、車輪に関連していた。

==Association with the wheel=={{See also|Wheel of the Year}} The wheel, more specifically the [[chariot]] wheel with six or eight [[spoke]]s, was an important symbol in historical [[Celtic polytheism]], apparently associated with a specific god, known as the wheel-god, identified as the sky- sun- or thunder-god, whose name is attested as Taranis by [[Lucan]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=km66Nu4d-34C&dq=Celtic+wheels&pg=RA1-PA117|title=Symbol and Image in Celtic Religious Art|isbn=9780415080767|last1=Green|first1=Miranda|year=1992}}</ref> Numerous Celtic coins also depict such a wheel. The half-wheel shown in the Gundestrup cauldron [[Gundestrup cauldron#Plate C: Broken Wheel|"broken wheel" panel]] also has eight visible spokes.{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}} Symbolic votive wheels were offered at shrines (such as in [[Alesia (city)|Alesia]]), cast in rivers (such as the [[Seine]]), buried in tombs or worn as [[amulets]] since the [[Middle Bronze Age]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRbTkaHJpJcC&dq=Celtic+wheels&pg=PA45|title=Celtic Myths|isbn=9780292727540|last1=Green|first1=Miranda Jane|year=1993}}</ref> Such "wheel pendants" from the Bronze Age usually had four spokes, and are commonly identified as solar symbols or "[[sun cross|sun crosses]]". Artefacts parallel to the Celtic votive wheels or wheel-pendants are the so-called ''[[Zierscheibe]]n'' in a Germanic context. The identification of the Sun with a wheel, or a chariot, has parallels in Germanic, Greek and Vedic mythology (see [[sun chariot]]).{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}} <gallery class="center">File:Stone Wheel from Santa Tegra.jpg|Stone wheel representation from the Santa Tegra hill-fort ([[A Guarda]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]). Museo arqueolóxico do castro de Santa Tegra<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aguarda.com/museo/index.htm |title=Home_index.HTM |access-date=2012-04-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422132547/http://www.aguarda.com/museo/index.htm |archive-date=2012-04-22 }}</ref>File:Rouelle d or Balesme Haute Marne.jpg|Golden Celtic wheel with symbols, Balesme, [[Haute-Marne]]. [[Musée d'Archéologie Nationale]].</gallery> ==Later cultural references==In 2013 a British combat drone system developed by defence contractor [[BAE Systems Military Air & Information|BAE Systems]] was named [[BAE Systems Taranis|Taranis]] in reference to the Celtic god.<ref name="UK Defence Journal">{{cite web|url=http://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/taranis-stealth-drone-test-flights-successful/|title=Taranis stealth drone test flights successful|last=Allison|first=George|date=5 February 2014|publisher=UK Defence Journal|access-date=6 February 2014}}</ref> Taranis and [[Toutatis]] are often mentioned by characters of the ''[[Asterix]]'' series.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Simon|first=André|date=1981|title=Les Gaulois dans la B.D.|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-le-debat-1981-9-page-96.htm|journal=Le Débat|volume=16|issue=9|pages=96–108|doi=10.3917/deba.016.0096}}</ref> Taranis and other Celtic gods are often referred to in the EPIX television series [[Britannia (TV series)|Britannia]] MacG Racing have developed a racing car called the [https://www.macgracing.co.uk/taranis.shtml Taranis] racing in the [https://www.british-endurance-championship.com/ British Endurance Championship]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MacG Racing Taranis |url=https://www.macgracing.co.uk/taranis.shtml |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=www.macgracing.co.uk}}</ref> ==See also==*[[Delbáeth]]*[[Fontes Tamarici]]*[[Perkūnas]]*[[Indra]]*[[Perun]]*[[Thor]]*[[Tuireann]]*[[Zeus]]* Wheel of the Year ==Footnotes==<!-- Following [[WP:CITESHORT]] -->{{Reflist}}グンデストルップの大釜のこの神は、アイルランド神話的にはダグザ、ガリア的にはタラニスで良いと考える。車輪を持っているのなら、タラニスのほうが相応しい名と思える。タラニスと共に車輪を握っているのは女神で、タラニスの配偶神であり月の女神でもあるものかもしれない、と考える。管理人のイメージでは、ウェールズ神話のアリアンロッドのような女神で、タラニスの姉妹であり、妻や恋人でもある女神だ。彼女が持つ場合は、車輪は「月の車輪」であって、彼女の下に描かれている蛇も「月」の象徴かもしれない。彼女はその蛇に乗って、天空を移動するのではないだろうか。

== References 関連項目 ==* Ellis, Peter Berresford, ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology'' (Oxford Paperback Reference), Oxford University Press, (1994): {{ISBN|0-19-508961-8}}*{{cite book|last=Koch|first=John T.|title=Celto-Germanic, Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West |publisher=Aberystwyth Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies |year=2020|url=https://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Centre/2020/Celto-Germanic2020.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Centre/2020/Celto-Germanic2020.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|isbn=9781907029325|author-link=John T. Koch}}* MacKillop, James. ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-19-280120-1}}.* Wood, Juliette, ''The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art'', Thorsons Publishers (2002): {{ISBN|0-00-764059-5}}[[天狗（中国）]]

==Further reading参考文献 ==* Wikipedia：[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taranis Taranis]（最終閲覧日：22-11-19）** Ellis, Peter Berresford, ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology'' (Oxford Paperback Reference), Oxford University Press, (1994): ISBN:0-19-508961-8** Koch John T., Celto-Germanic, Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West, Aberystwyth Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies, 2020, https://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Centre/2020/Celto-Germanic2020.pdf, https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Centre/2020/Celto-Germanic2020.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09, live, isbn:9781907029325, John T. Koch** MacKillop, James. ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN:0-19-280120-1.** Wood, Juliette, ''The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art'', Thorsons Publishers (2002): ISBN:0-00-764059-5** Gricourt, Daniel; Hollard, Dominique. "Taranis, caelestiorum deorum maximus". In: ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', vol. 17, n°1, 1991. pp.&nbsp;343–400. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/dha.1991.1919]; [www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1991_num_17_1_1919]** Gricourt, Daniel; Hollard, Dominique. "Taranis, le dieu celtique à la roue. Remarques préliminaires". In: ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', vol. 16, n°2, 1990. pp.&nbsp;275–320. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/dha.1990.1491]; www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1990_num_16_2_1491* Wikipedia：[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicker_man Wicker man]（最終閲覧日：22-11-19）* Wikipedia：[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E9%87%9C グンデストルップの大釜]（最終閲覧日：22-11-18）* Wikipedia：[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaudron_de_Gundestrup Chaudron de Gundestrup]（フランス語版）（最終閲覧日：22-11-18）

==External links外部リンク ==**[https://archive.today/20121205053209/http://www.mythome.org/celtic.html Celtic Gods and Associates]**[https://web.archive.org/web/20070918220827/http://altreligion.about.com/library/graphics/bl_taranis.htm Images of Taranis]**[http://www.paralumun.com/celticgod.htm Celtic Gods]*{{cite news |first=* Michael |last=Doran |url=, http://www.newsarama.com/comics/marvel-teaser-new-god-of-thunder-110811.html |title=, Marvel Teaser: The NEW God of Thunder? [Move Over THOR?<nowiki>]</nowiki> |work=[[, Newsarama]] |date=, August 11, 2011 }}