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'''ゼウス'''（'''ΖΕΥΣ''', Ζεύς, Zeus）は、ギリシア神話の主神たる全知全能の存在<ref>Schmitz, 2016, p705</ref><ref>里中満智子・名古屋経済大学助教授西村賀子解説 『マンガギリシア神話1 オリュンポスの神々』 中公文庫、2003年。</ref><ref>以下は、宗教文学研究者バーバラ・シュミッツの論文からの引用（Schmitz, 2016, p705）。<blockquote>アリステアスの議論における基礎原理は、神格〔the deity〕の機能である。アリステアスはそれを「全ての物事の創造者にして統括者」として描いている。 … 唯一神〔God〕は、ユダヤ教とギリシャ的文脈とで同じ機能を持っている。すなわち、唯一神は全ての物事の創造者にして統括者である。ただ唯一神の呼び名だけが違う。つまりギリシャ的文脈において、唯一神は「ゼウス」と呼ばれている。（Schmitz, 2016, p705）<br />（原文：Fundamental for the argumentation of Aristeas is the function of the deity, which he describes as “the overseer and creator of all things” (πάντωνἐπόπτην καὶ κτίστην). ... God has the same function in the Jewish as in the Greek context: He is the creator and overseer of all things. The only difference is God’s name: In the Greek context, God is called “Zeus”.）（Schmitz, 2016, p705）<br><br>唯一神についての二つの概念〔ユダヤ系とギリシャ系〕は共に、遍在・全知・全能という特徴を持っている。（Schmitz, 2016, p712）<br />（原文：[B]oth concepts of God share the aspects of omnipresence, omniscience and omnipotence (Arist 132 and Arist 133).（Schmitz, 2016, p712）</blockquote></ref>。ローマ神話の[[ユーピテル|ジュピター（ユーピテル）]]、中国神話の[[天帝]]、キリスト教やイスラーム等の唯一神と同様な、「至上神（supreme god）（スプリームゴッド）」の典型<ref>Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2020, p「至上神」</ref>。一般的に「至上神」<ref>松村, 2020, 「至上神」</ref>または「最高神」<ref>小学館, 2020, 「最高神」</ref>は、創造的能力や人格的性質を持ち、全知全能だとされている<ref>松村, 2020, 「至上神」</ref>。
ゼウスは宇宙や天候を支配する[[天空神]]であり、人類と神々双方の秩序を守護・支配する神々の王である。宇宙を破壊できるほど強力な雷を武器とし、多神教の中にあっても唯一神的な性格を帯びるほどに絶対的で強大な力を持つ<ref>呉茂一『ギリシア神話(上)』、新潮文庫、1969。</ref>。。ゼウス<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/232824 Zeus, ''n.'']" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1921.</ref><ref>[https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Zeus Zeus] in the American Heritage Dictionary</ref>（Ζεύς、British English：zju:s、American English：zu:s）は、古代ギリシアの宗教における天空神・雷神で、オリンポス山に神々の王として君臨している。
'''Zeus'''{{efn|[[British English]] {{IPAc-en|zj|u:|s}};<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "[http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/232824 Zeus, ''n.'']" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1921.</ref> [[American English]] {{IPAc-en|z|u:|s}}<ref>[https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Zeus Zeus] in the American Heritage Dictionary</ref><br> [[Attic Greek|Attic]]–{{lang-grc-ion|[[wikt:Ζεύς|Ζεύς]]|Zeús}} {{IPA-el|zděu̯s|att-ion-pron}} or {{IPA-el|dzěu̯s|}}, {{IPA-grc|zeʍs|koine-pron}}, {{IPA-grc|zefs|mod-pron}}; {{lang-grc|Δῐός|''Diós''|label=[[Genitive case|genitive]]}} {{IPA-grc|di.ós|}}<br>[[Aeolic Greek|Boeotian Aeolic]] and [[Doric Greek#Laconian|Laconian]] {{lang-grc-dor|Δεύς|Deús}} {{IPA-el|děu̯s|dor}}; {{lang-grc|Δέος|''Déos''|label=[[Genitive case|genitive]]}} {{IPA-grc|dé.os|}}<br>{{lang-el|Δίας|''Días''}} {{IPA-el|ˈði.as̠|mod}}}} ({{Lang|grc|Ζεύς}}) is the [[sky father|sky]] and [[thunder god]] in [[ancient Greek religion]], who rules as [[king of the gods]] on [[Mount Olympus]]. His name is [[cognate]] with the first element of his [[ancient Roman religion|Roman]] [[interpretatio graeca|equivalent]] [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]].<ref name=Lar>''Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia'', [[The Book People]], Haydock, 1995, p. 215.</ref> His mythology and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo-European deities such as Jupiter, [[Perkūnas]], [[Perun]], [[Indra]], [[Dyaus]], and [[Zojz (deity)|Zojz]].<ref name="Berry1996p20">{{cite book|author=Thomas Berry|title=Religions of India: Hinduism, Yoga, Buddhism|url=https://archive.org/details/religionsofindia00berr |url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-10781-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/religionsofindia00berr/page/20 20]–21}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite book|author=T. N. Madan|title=The Hinduism Omnibus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUsqAAAAYAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566411-9|page=81}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite book|author=Sukumari Bhattacharji|title=The Indian Theogony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDc9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA280|year=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=280–281}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite book |author=[[Roshen Dalal]] |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014|isbn=9788184752779 }} Entry: "Dyaus"</ref><ref name=Hyllested&Joseph/>
Zeus is the child of [[Cronus]] and [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]], the youngest of his siblings to be born, though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus's stomach. In most traditions, he is married to [[Hera]], by whom he is usually said to have fathered [[Ares]], [[Eileithyia]], [[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]], and [[Hephaestus]].<ref name="Hamilton1942">{{cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Edith|title=Mythology|publisher=Back Bay Books|location=New York|year=1942|edition=1998|page=[https://archive.org/details/mythologytimeles00hami_1/page/467 467]|isbn=978-0-316-34114-1|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mythologytimeles00hami_1/page/467}}</ref><ref name=":h79"/> At the [[oracle]] of [[Dodona]], his consort was said to be [[Dione (Titaness/Oceanid)|Dione]],<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/zeus-e12216820 s.v. Zeus].</ref> by whom the ''[[Iliad]]'' states that he fathered [[Aphrodite]].{{refn|name="aphrodite"|There are two major conflicting stories for Aphrodite's origins: [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'' claims that she was born from the foam of the sea after Cronos castrated Uranus, making her Uranus's daughter, while [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'' has Aphrodite as the daughter of Zeus and Dione.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad|Il]].'', Book V.</ref> A speaker in [[Plato]]'s ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]'' offers that they were separate figures: [[Aphrodite#Aphrodite Ourania and Aphrodite Pandemos|Aphrodite Ourania and Aphrodite Pandemos]].<ref>[[Plato]], ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symp.]]'', 180e.</ref>}} According to the ''[[Theogony]]'', Zeus' first wife was [[Metis (mythology)|Metis]], by whom he had [[Athena]].<ref name=":hsdm"/> Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades. These resulted in many divine and heroic offspring, including [[Apollo]], [[Artemis]], [[Hermes]], [[Persephone]], [[Dionysus]], [[Perseus]], [[Heracles]], [[Helen of Troy]], [[Minos]], and the [[Muse]]s.<ref name="Hamilton1942"/>
