=== 母系制 ===
19世紀半ばのヨハン・ヤコブ・バコーフェンまでさかのぼると、ギリシャの宗教における初期の重要性が確立しているヘーラーは、もともとヘレニズム以前のギリシャに住んでいたと思われる母系民族の女神だったという可能性について、かなりの研究がなされている<ref>バコーフェン、''Mutterrecht''1861年、''Mother Right''として。「古代世界における母系制の宗教的・法学的性格に関する一考察''(古代世界における母系制の宗教的・法学的性格の研究)」。バコーフェンはジェーン・エレン・ハリソンや他のギリシャ神話の研究者の著作に影響を与えた。</ref>。 There has been considerable scholarship, reaching back to [[Johann Jakob Bachofen]] in the mid-nineteenth century,<ref>Bachofen, ''Mutterrecht'' 1861, as '' Mother Right: An Investigation of the Religious and Juridical Character of Matriarchy in the Ancient World.'' Bachofen was seminal in the writings of [[Jane Ellen Harrison]] and other students of Greek myth.</ref> about the possibility that Hera, whose early importance in Greek religion is firmly established, was originally the goddess of a matriarchal people, presumably inhabiting Greece before the [[Hellenes]]. In this view, her activity as [[goddess]] of marriage established the patriarchal bond of her own subordination: her resistance to the conquests of Zeus is rendered as Hera's "jealousy", the main theme of literary anecdotes that undercut her ancient [[Cult (religion)|cult]].<ref>Slater 1968.</ref>
However, it remains a controversial claim that an ancient matriarchy or a cultural focus on a monotheistic Great Goddess existed among the ancient Greeks or elsewhere. The claim is generally rejected by modern scholars as insufficiently evidenced.<ref name="ELLER-BRITANNICA">See, for example, the following: