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=== 住処 ===
ワイバーンは沼に生息するとする文献がある。<ref>Anonymous, 1890</ref>は「ワイバーンは沼地によく集まる」としている。また<ref>Newton, 1846</ref>は若干詳細に、「ワイバーンはかつてドイツの近づきがたい荒野の沼地に実在したと考えられていた」としている。
 
== 私的考察 ==
ワイヴァーンはフランスの[[ヴイーヴル]]と同一視されるが、[[ヴイーヴル]]が雌と考えられるのに対して、ワイヴァーンの性別は必ずしも雌だとは考えられていないように感じる。ただし、「毒」とは関連づけられる龍の一種であって、語源が「viper(毒蛇)」である名残と感じられる。龍あるいは神としてのワイヴァーンの起源は、ヒッタイトの太陽女神の一つである[[ウルシェム]]と考える。また、ギリシア神話の冥界の女神ペルセポネーとも同語源と推察する。
== 参考文献 ==
** Birch W. de Gray, 1887, Catalogue of seals in the Department of manuscripts in the British museum, order of the trustees, pages:116,873, London, ocl:460513
** Charles_Boutel, 1867, English Heraldry, Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, page79, London and New York, oclc:8449675
*{{Cite | last=Boutell | first=Charles | author-link=:en:* Charles_Boutell | author2 = , Wheeler-Holohan. V. | year=, 1931 | title=, Boutell's Manual of Heraldry | publisher = [[:en:, Frederick Warne & Co|Frederick Warne & Co]] | page=313 | location = , page313, London and New York | , oclc = :1538271 | ref={{SfnRef|Boutell|1931}}}}*{{Cite | last = Boutell | first = Charles | authorlink = :en:* Charles_Boutell | author2 = , S. T. Aveling | title = , Heraldry, ancient and modern including Boutell's Heraldry | publisher = [[:en:, Frederick Warne & Co|Frederick Warne & Co]] | , date = :1873 | page = 139 | , page139, oclc = :6102523 | location = , London and New York | ref=harv}}*{{Cite | last = * Clark | first = Hugh | author2 = , Thomas Wormull | title = , A Short and Easy Introduction to Heraldry, in Two Parts | date = , 1788 | page = 221 | , page221, oclc = :11569171 | location = , London | ref = {{SfnRef|Clark|1788}}}}*{{Cite | last = Deuchar | first = Alexander | authorlink = :en:* Alexander_Deuchar | title = , British Crests: Containing The Creats And Mottos Of The Families of Great Britain and Ireland; | date = , 1817 | , page = :199 | location = , London | , oclc = :606459145 | ref = harv}}<br />*{{Cite | last = Fairholt | first = Frederick William | authorlink = :en:* Frederick_William_Fairholt | title = , A dictionary of terms in art | publisher = , Darby, Isbister & Co. | date = , 1854 | location = , London | , oclc =:26575255 | ref = harv}}*{{Cite | last = Foster | first = Joseph | authorlink = :en:* Joseph_Foster_(genealogist) | title = , Two Tudor books of arms Harleian mss. nos. 2169 & 6163 | publisher = , De Walden Library | date = , 1904 | pages = 2, pages2,4-5 | , oclc = :1871393 | location = , London | ref = harv}}*{{Cite | last = Fox-Davies | first = Arthur Charles | authorlink = :en:* Arthur Charles Fox-Davies | title = , A Complete Guide to Heraldry | publisher = , Skyhorse Publishing Inc. | date = , 2007 | pages = 225, pages225-226 | , isbn = :9781602390010 | , oclc = :100544250 | ref = harv}}*{{Cite journal | last = Fox-Davies | first = Arthur Charles | authorlink = :en:* Arthur Charles Fox-Davies | year = , 1902 | title = , Is the red dragon welsh after all? | journal = , The geneological magazine | , volume = :6 | pages = 237 | publisher = , pages237, Elliot Stock | location = , London | ref = harv}}<br />*{{Cite | last = * Henderson | first = Bernard | author2 = , Stephen Jones | title = , Wonder tales of ancient Wales | publisher = [[:en:, Small, Maynard & Company|Small, Maynard & Company]] | location = Boston | date = , 1922 | pages = 87, pages87-102 | , oclc = :16799159|ref={{SfnRef|Henderson|1922}}}}*{{Cite | last = Holbek | first = Bengt | authorlink = :en:* Bengt_Holbek | title = , Interpretation of fairy tales: Danish folklore in a European perspective | publisher = , Akateeminen kirjakauppa | location = , Helsinki | date = , 1987 | , isbn = :978-9514105487 | , oclc = :865305007 | ref = harv}}*{{Cite | last = Howard | first = Joseph Jackson | authorlink = :en:* Joseph_Jackson_Howard | editor = , George John Armytage | title = , The Visitation of London in the Year 1568 | date = , 1869 | page = 48 | location = , page48, London | , oclc = :3975450 | ref = harv}}*{{Cite | last = Kimber | first = Edward | authorlink = :en:* Edward_Kimber | title = , The Peerage of Scotland | date = , 1767 | page = 202 | location = , page202, London | , oclc = :83265558 | ref=harv}}*{{Cite | last = Kimber | first = Edward | authorlink = :en:* Edward_Kimber | title = , The Peerage of Ireland | date = , 1768 | page = 15 | location = , page15, London | , oclc = :181836956 | ref = harv}}*{{Cite | last = * Ménestrier | first = , Claude-François | authorlink = :en:, Claude-Fran%C3%A7ois_M%C3%A9nestrier | title = , La Nouvelle méthode raisonnée du blason, pour l'apprendre d'une manière aisée, réduite en leçons par demandes et par réponses | publisher = , Lyon: Chez J. Lions | date = , 1696 | pages = 160, pages160,162}}*{{Cite | last = * Newton | first = William | title = , Display of Heraldry | publisher = , William Pickering| date = , 1846 | location = , London | page = 126 | , page126, oclc = :608732115 | ref = harv}}*{{Cite | last = Phillips | first = Edward | authorlink = :en:* Edward_Phillips | title = [[:en:The_New_World_of_English_Words|, The New World of English Words]] | , edition = :4 | date = , 1678 | location = , London | , oclc =:839185481 | ref = harv}}*{{Cite | last = * Porny | first = , Mark Anthony | title = , The elements of heraldry | date = , 1765 | page = 161| , page161, oclc = :4940708 | location = London }}*{{Cite | last = Scott-Ellis | first = Thomas | authorlink = :en:* Thomas_Scott-Ellis,_8th_Baron_Howard_de_Walden | title = , Banners, standards, and badges, from a Tudor manuscript in the College of Arms. | publisher = , De Walden Library | year = , 1904a | page = 33 | , page33, oclc = :499620199 | location = , London | ref = harv}}*{{Cite | last = Scott-Ellis | first = Thomas | authorlink = :en:* Thomas_Scott-Ellis,_8th_Baron_Howard_de_Walden | year = , 1904b | title = , Some feudal lords and their seals, MCCCJ with an introduction | page = 5 | publisher = , page5, De Walden Library | location = , London | , oclc=:1921732 | ref = harv}}*{{Cite | last = Simpson | first = John | authorlink = :en:* John_Simpson_(lexicographer) | author2link= :en:Edmund_Weiner|author2=, Edmund Weiner | translator = | title = [[オックスフォード英語辞典|, Oxford English Dictionary]] | publisher = [[オックスフォード大学出版局|, Oxford University Press]] | , edition = :2 | date = , 1989 | , isbn = :9780198611868 | , oclc = :17648714 | location = , New York | ref = {{SfnRef|Simpson|1989}}}}*{{Cite | last = Tatlock | first = John Strong Perry | authorlink = :en:* John_Strong_Perry_Tatlock | title = , The dragons of Wessex and Wales | periodical=[[:en:Speculum_(journal)|, Speculum]] | publisher = [[:en:, Medieval Academy of America|Medieval Academy of America]] | date = , 1933 | volume=8 | , volume8, issue=:2 | pages = 223, pages223-235 | , issn = :00387134 | location = , Cambridge | ref = harv}}*{{Cite journal| | author = * The Heraldry Society | authorlink = | date = , 2008 | title = , HERALDRY OF RECENT KNIGHTS 1 | journal = , The Heraldry GAZETTE new sweries | , issue = :110 | page = 5 | publisher = [[:en:, page5, The Heraldry Society|The Heraldry Society]] | location = , London | , issn = :0437-2980 | , oclc = :12857133 | url = , http://www.theheraldrysociety.com/publications/heraldrygazette/2008-Dec.pdf | format = PDF | ref = harv}}
** http://www.apothecaries.org/society/, The Society, 2015-01-10, The Society of Apothecaries, Worshipful_Society_of_Apothecaries
** http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=3015&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services, TIOH - Heraldry - 66th Armor Regiment, 2014-01-11, United States Army Institute of Heraldry, United_States_Army_Institute_of_Heraldry, https://web.archive.org/web/20140111023514/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=3015&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services, 2014-01-11
== 関連項目 ==
* [[ヴイーヴル]]:フランスに伝わる二足の竜。ワイバーンと語源を同じくする。ワイバーンは仏訳される際にヴイーヴルという訳をあてられることがある。
* [[ウルシェム]]:ヒッタイト神話。地下世界(冥界)の女神。ワイヴァーンの起源と考える。
** [[ヴィシャップ]]:アルメニア神話の倒される龍神。ワイヴァーンと同語源か。
* バロール
** 邪眼
* ウェールズの竜
;グイベル
:ウェールズに伝わる空を飛ぶ蛇。gwiberは英訳される際にwyvernという訳をあてられることがある{{Harv|<ref>Henderson|, 1922}}</ref>。; [[竜王 (北欧民話)|リンドルム王]]: スカンジナビアに伝わる説話。{{Harvtxt|スカンジナビアに伝わる説話。Holbek (1987) <ref>Holbek|, 1987}}</ref>はこの説話を"King Wivern" と題して英訳した。
== 私的注釈 ==
[[Category:ゲルマン神話]]
[[Category:龍蛇]]
[[Category:ウルシェム]]

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