差分

Áed Rúad（「赤い火」または「火の王」- ダグザの名前）の娘であるマッハ・モンルアード（Macha Mong Ruad）（「赤い髪」）は、中世の伝説と歴史的伝承によれば、アイルランドのハイキングリストの中で唯一の女王である。彼女の父アエドは、いとこのディトルバとチンバエスと7年ずつ交代で王権を握った。アエドは3度目の国王就任後に亡くなり、再び国王の座が巡ってきたとき、マッハが国王の座を主張した。ディトルバとチンバエスは女性が王位につくことを認めず、戦いになった。マッハが勝利し、ディトルバは殺された。マッハはディトルバの息子たちとの2度目の戦いに勝利し、ディトルバはコナハトの荒野に逃れた。マッハはシンバエスと結婚し、王権を共有した。マッハはハンセン病患者に化けて単身ディトルバの息子たちを追いかけ、セックスしようとする息子たちを順番に倒して縛り上げ、アルスターに３人の身柄を運んだ。ウルステル人は彼らを殺そうとしたが、マッハは彼らを奴隷にし、ウライドの首都となるエマイン・マッハ（アーマー近くのナヴァン要塞）を作らせ、その境界線を自分のブローチで示した（エマイン・マッハという名前は、eó-muin Machaまたは「マッハの首飾り」であることが理由）<ref>Eugene O'Curry, ''Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History'', 1861, [https://www.google.com/books?id=li02AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA527&vq=macha Appendix No. XXXVIII]</ref>。マッハは、チンバエスがエマイン・マッハで疫病で死ぬまでの7年間、チンバエスと共に統治し、その後、レヒタイド・リーグに殺されるまでの14年間、独自に統治した<ref>Geoffrey Keating, ''Foras Feasa ar Éirinn'' [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text037.html 1.27]-[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text038.html 1.28]</ref><ref>''Annals of the Four Masters'' [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text017.html M4532]-[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text018.html 4546]</ref>。

Macha Mong Ruad ("red hair"), daughter of [[Áed Rúad]] ("red fire" or "fire lord" – a name of [[the Dagda]]), was, according to medieval legend and historical tradition, the only queen in the [[List of High Kings of Ireland]]. Her father Áed rotated the kingship with his cousins [[Díthorba]] and [[Cimbáeth]], seven years at a time. Áed died after his third stint as king, and when his turn came round again, Macha claimed the kingship. Díthorba and Cimbáeth refused to allow a woman to take the throne, and a battle ensued. Macha won, and Díthorba was killed. She won a second battle against Díthorba's sons, who fled into the wilderness of [[Connacht]]. She married Cimbáeth, with whom she shared the kingship. Macha pursued Díthorba's sons alone, disguised as a [[leper]], and overcame each of them in turn when they tried to have sex with her, tied them up, and carried the three of them bodily to [[Ulster]]. The Ulstermen wanted to have them killed, but Macha instead enslaved them and forced them to build [[Emain Macha]] (Navan Fort near Armagh), to be the capital of the [[Ulaid]], marking out its boundaries with her brooch (explaining the name ''Emain Macha'' as ''eó-muin Macha'' or "Macha's neck-brooch"). Macha ruled together with Cimbáeth for seven years, until he died of plague at Emain Macha, and then a further fourteen years on her own, until she was killed by [[Rechtaid Rígderg]].<ref>Geoffrey Keating, ''Foras Feasa ar Éirinn'' [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text037.html 1.27]-[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100054/text038.html 1.28]</ref><ref>''Annals of the Four Masters'' [http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text017.html M4532]-[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005A/text018.html 4546]</ref> The ''Lebor Gabála'' synchronises her reign to that of [[Ptolemy I Soter]] (323–283 BC).<ref>R. A. Stewart Macalister (ed. & trans.), ''Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V'', Irish Texts Society, 1956, pp. 263–267</ref> The chronology of Keating's ''Foras Feasa ar Éirinn'' dates her reign to 468–461 BC, the ''Annals of the Four Masters'' to 661–654 BC.