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== 語源 ==
イナンナとイシュタルはもともと無関係な別の神であったが<ref>Leick, 1998, p87, Black Green, 1992, p108, Wolkstein Kramer, 1983, pxviii, Collins, 1994, p110-111, Brandão, 2019, p43</ref>、アッカドのサルゴンの時代に混同され、実質的に同じ女神が2つの名前で呼ばれるようになったと学者たちは考えている<ref>Leick, 1998, p87, Black Green, 1992, p108, Wolkstein Kramer, 1983, pxviii, xv, Collins, 1994, p=110-111</ref>。。（アッカド語のAna Kurnugê, qaqqari la târi, Sha naqba īmuruがイシュタルの名を用いているほかは、すべてイナンナの名を用いたテキストである<ref>Brandão, 2019, p65</ref>。）
Scholars believe that Inanna and Ishtar were originally separate, unrelated deities, but were conflated with one another during the reign of [[Sargon of Akkad]] and came to be regarded as effectively the same goddess under two different names.（With exception of [[#Akkadian_version|Ana Kurnugê, qaqqari la târi]] and [[#Epic_of_Gilgamesh|Sha naqba īmuru]] who use the name Ishtar, all others texts use the name/are about Inanna.{{sfn|Brandão|2019|p=65}}） Inanna's name may derive from the [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] phrase ''nin-an-ak'', meaning "Lady of Heaven",{{sfn|Leick|1998|page=86}}{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}} but the cuneiform sign for ''Inanna'' ({{cuneiform|𒈹}}) is not a [[Typographic ligature|ligature]] of the signs ''lady'' ([[Sumerian language|Sumerian]]: [[EREŠ|nin]]; Cuneiform: {{cuneiform|𒊩𒌆}} SAL.TUG<sub>2</sub>) and ''sky'' ([[Sumerian language|Sumerian]]: [[DINGIR|an]]; Cuneiform: {{cuneiform|𒀭}} AN).{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}}{{sfn|Leick|1998|page=86}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|pages=xiii–xix}} These difficulties led some early [[Assyriologists]] to suggest that Inanna may have originally been a [[Proto-Euphratean]] goddess, who was only later accepted into the [[Sumerian pantheon]]. This idea was supported by Inanna's youthfulness, as well as the fact that, unlike the other Sumerian divinities, she seems to have initially lacked a distinct sphere of responsibilities.{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}} The view that there was a Proto-Euphratean substrate language in Southern Iraq before Sumerian is not widely accepted by modern Assyriologists.{{sfn|Rubio|1999|pages=1–16}}
The name ''Ishtar'' occurs as an element in personal names from both the pre-[[Sargon of Akkad|Sargonic]] and post-Sargonic eras in Akkad, Assyria, and Babylonia.{{sfn|Collins|1994|page=110}} It is of [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] derivation{{sfn|Leick|1998|page=96}}{{sfn|Collins|1994|page=110}} and is probably etymologically related to the name of the [[West Semitic languages|West Semitic]] god [[Attar (god)|Attar]], who is mentioned in later inscriptions from [[Ugarit]] and southern Arabia.{{sfn|Leick|1998|page=96}}{{sfn|Collins|1994|page=110}} The morning star may have been conceived as a male deity who presided over the arts of war and the evening star may have been conceived as a female deity who presided over the arts of love.{{sfn|Collins|1994|page=110}} Among the Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians, the name of the male god eventually supplanted the name of his female counterpart,{{sfn|Collins|1994|pages=110–111}} but, due to extensive syncretism with Inanna, the deity remained as female, although her name was in the masculine form.{{sfn|Collins|1994|pages=110–111}}
