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In an archaic Roman prayer, Maia appears as an attribute of [[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]], in an [[Glossary of ancient Roman religion#invocatio|invocational]] list of male deities paired with female abstractions representing some aspect of their functionality. She was explicitly identified with Earth (''[[Terra (mythology)|Terra]]'', the [[interpretatio graeca|Roman counterpart]] of Gaia) and the Good Goddess (''[[Bona Dea]]'') in at least one tradition. Her identity became theologically intertwined also with the goddesses [[Faunus|Fauna]], [[Ops]], [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]], [[Cardea|Carna]], and the [[Magna Mater]] ("Great Goddess", referring to the Roman form of Cybele but also a cult title for Maia), as discussed at some length by the [[late antiquity|late]] [[antiquarian]] writer [[Macrobius]]. This treatment was probably influenced by the 1st-century BC scholar [[Varro]], who tended to resolve a great number of goddesses into one original "Terra". The association with Juno, whose [[Etruscan religion|Etruscan]] counterpart was [[Uni (mythology)|Uni]], is suggested again by the inscription ''Uni Mae'' on the [[Piacenza Liver]].<ref>In Mario Torelli's diagram of this [[haruspice|haruspicial]] object, the names ''Uni'' and ''Mae'' appear together in a cell on the edge of the liver; see Nancy Thompson de Grummond, ''Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend'', University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 2006, p. 44 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=TVAtdzbV-yIC&dq=piacenza+liver+uni+etruscan&q=%22uni%2Fmae%3B5%22#v=snippet&q=%22uni%2Fmae%3B5%22&f=false online]).</ref>
→ローマのマイア
== ローマのマイア ==
古代ローマの宗教や神話では<ref>Aulus Gellius, ''Attic Nights'' [https://topostext.org/work/208#13.23 13.10.2]</ref>、マイアは成長の概念を体現しており<ref name=":2">Turcan, Robert, The Gods of Ancient Rome - Religion in Everyday Life from Archaic to Imperial Times, Routledge, 2001, isbn:9780415929745, London, pages70</ref>、彼女の名前は比較形容詞のmaius、maior「より大きな、より大きい」に関連していると考えられていた。もともと彼女は、ラテン語の文学と文化のヘレネス化によってその神話を吸収したギリシャ語のマイアから独立した同音異義語であったかもしれない<ref>Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Blackwell, 1996, pages270</ref>。少なくとも1つの伝承では、彼女は地球（テラ、ローマ時代のガイアの対応）および善き女神（ボナ・デア）と明確に同一視されていた<ref>By Cornelius Labeo, as recorded by Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'' 1.12.20</ref><ref name=":3">Brouwer, H.H.J., Bona Dea: The Sources and a Description of the Cult, Brill, 1989, isbn:9789004295773, pages232, 354</ref>。彼女の起源は、ファウナ、オプス、ユーノー、カルナ、そしてマグナ・マテル（「偉大なる女神」、ローマ神話のキュベレーを意味するが、これはマイアの教団名でもある）とも関連し、古代の作家マクロビウスが詳細に論じている<ref>Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'' 1.12.16–33</ref>。この扱いは、紀元前1世紀の学者ヴァーロの影響であろう。ヴァーロは、多数の女神を一つのオリジナルな「テラ」に解決する傾向がある<ref name=":3" />。ピアツェンツァの肝臓に刻まれたユニ・マイア（Uni Mae）の銘文から、エトルリア人のユニに相当するユーノーとの関連が再び示唆される<ref>In Mario Torelli's diagram of this haruspicial object, the names ''Uni'' and ''Mae'' appear together in a cell on the edge of the liver; see Nancy Thompson de Grummond, ''Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend'', University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 2006, p. 44 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=TVAtdzbV-yIC&dq=piacenza+liver+uni+etruscan&q=%22uni%2Fmae%3B5%22#v=snippet&q=%22uni%2Fmae%3B5%22&f=false online]).</ref>。
The month of May (Latin ''Maius'') was named for Maia,<ref>{{Cite web| title = What's in a name? Months of the year| author = British Museum| date = 29 December 2017| access-date = 8 May 2022| url = https://blog.britishmuseum.org/whats-in-a-name-months-of-the-year/}}</ref> though ancient etymologists also connected it to the ''maiores'' "ancestors", again from the adjective ''maius, maior'', meaning those who are "greater" in terms of generational precedence.{{cn|date=May 2022}} On the first day of May, the [[Lares|Lares Praestites]] were honored as [[tutelary deity|protectors of the city]],<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Fasti (poem)|Fasti]]'' 5.73; Turcan, ''The Gods of Ancient Rome'', p. 70.</ref> and the [[flamen]] of Vulcan sacrificed a pregnant sow to Maia, a customary offering to an earth goddess<ref>Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'' 1.12.20; [[Juvenal]], ''Satires'' 2.86; [[Sextus Pompeius Festus|Festus]], 68</ref> that reiterates the link between Vulcan and Maia in the archaic prayer formula. In [[Roman mythology|Roman myth]], [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] (Hermes), the son of Maia, was the father of the twin Lares, a genealogy that sheds light on the collocation of ceremonies on the [[Kalends]] of May.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wiseman|first=Timothy Peter|title=Remus: A Roman Myth|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1995|isbn=9780521483667|pages=71}}</ref> On May 15, the [[Ides (calendar)|Ides]], Mercury was honored as a patron of merchants and increaser of profit (through an etymological connection with ''merx, merces'', "goods, merchandise"), another possible connection with Maia his mother as a goddess who promoted growth.<ref name=":2" />
