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In [[Celtic mythology]], '''Taranis''' ([[Proto-Celtic]]: *''Toranos'', earlier ''*Tonaros''; [[Latin]]: '''Taranus''', earlier '''Tanarus''') is the god of [[thunder]], who was worshipped primarily in [[Gaul]], [[Hispania]], [[Great Britain|Britain]], and [[Ireland]], but also in the [[Rhineland]] and [[Danube]] regions, amongst others. Taranis, along with [[Esus]] and [[Toutatis]], was mentioned by the Roman poet [[Lucan (poet)|Lucan]] in his epic poem ''[[Pharsalia]]'' as a [[Celts|Celtic]] deity to whom human sacrificial offerings were made.<ref>[[Marcus Annaeus Lucanus|M. Annaeus Lucanus]]. ''[[Pharsalia]],'' [http://worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/poetry/Pharsalia/chap1.html Book I] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502115056/http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/lit/poetry/Pharsalia/chap1.html |date=2006-05-02 }}</ref> Taranis was associated, as was the [[Cyclopes|Cyclops]] Brontes ("thunder") in [[Greek mythology]], with the wheel.
[[File:Gundestrup C.jpg| thumb| [[Gundestrup cauldron]], created between 200 BC and 300 AD, is thought to have a depiction of Taranis on the inner wall of cauldron on tile C]]
Many representations of a bearded god with a thunderbolt in one hand and a wheel in the other have been recovered from Gaul, where this deity apparently came to be [[religious syncretism|syncretised]] with [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]].<ref>Paul-Marie Duval. 2002. ''Les Dieux de la Gaule.'' Paris, Éditions Payot.</ref>
== Name and etymology ==
The [[Proto-Celtic]] form of the name is reconstructed as *''Toranos'' ('Thunder'), which derives through [[Metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]] (switch of sounds) from an earlier *''Tonaros'', itself from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] (PIE) stem for 'thunder', *''(s)tenh₂-''. The original, unmetathesized form of the name is attested in the dative form ''tanaro'' ([[Chester]], 154 AD), found on a votive altar dedicated by a Roman officer from [[Clunia]] (modern [[Province of Burgos|Burgos Province]]), and in the Gaulish [[hydronym]] ''[[Tanaro (river)|Tanarus]]'' ('thundering' or 'thunderous'), an ancient name of the [[River Po]] (northern Italy).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Matasović|first=Ranko|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YN_YPQAACAAJ|title=Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004173361|pages=384|language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Koch|2020|pp=142–144}}<ref>Sutrop, Urmas. "Taarapita-the Great God of the Oeselians". In: ''Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore'' 26 (2004). p. 40</ref> Similar European hydronyms have also been proposed to belong to the same root.<ref>Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares. "Los dioses soberanos y los ríos en la religión indígena de la Hispania indoeuropea". In: ''Gerión'' n. 18 (2000). p. 204. {{ISSN|0213-0181}}</ref> The PIE ''s''-initial seems to have been retained in [[Celtiberian language|Celtiberian]] ''steniontes'', ''stenion'', and ''stena''.{{sfn|Koch|2020|pp=142–144}}
In the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] context, the Proto-Celtic name *''Tonaros'' is identical to the [[Proto-Germanic]] Thunder-god ''*Þun(a)raz'' (cf. [[Old Norse|ON]] [[Thor|''Þórr'']], [[Old English|OE]] ''Þunor'', [[Old Saxon|OS]] ''Thunar'', [[Old Frisian|OFris.]] ''Thuner'', [[Old High German|OHG]] ''Donar''), and further related to the [[Vedic Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] ''stánati'' and [[Latin]] ''tono'', both meaning 'to thunder'''.''<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Delamarre|first=Xavier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3BKPgAACAAJ|title=Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental|date=2008|publisher=Errance|isbn=9782877723695|pages=290|language=fr}}</ref> According to scholar Peter Jackson, the Celtic–Germanic [[isogloss]] *''Þun(a)raz'' ''~ *Tonaros'' may have emerged as the result of the fossilization of an original epithet (or [[epiclesis]]) of the [[Proto-Indo-European]] thunder-god *''[[Perkwunos|Perk<sup>w</sup>unos]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jackson|first=Peter|date=2002|title=Light from Distant Asterisks. Towards a Description of the Indo-European Religious Heritage|journal=Numen|volume=49|issue=1|pages=61–102|doi=10.1163/15685270252772777|issn=0029-5973|jstor=3270472}}</ref>
The later form *''Toranos'' is attested in the Gaulish divine names ''Taranis'' and ''Taranucnos'', as well as in the personal name ''Taranutius''. The name ''[[Taran mac Ainftech|Taran]]'', which appears in the prehistoric section of the Pictish King-List, may also be interpreted as a [[euhemerized]] god. The [[Hispano-Celtic languages|Hispano-Celtic]] ''tar(a)nekūm'' could mean 'of the descendants of Tar(a)nos'.{{sfn|Koch|2020|pp=142–144}}
Additional [[cognates]] may also be found in medieval Celtic languages, such as [[Old Irish]] ''torann'' ('thunder, noise'), [[Old Breton]] ''taran'', [[Old Cornish]] ''taran'', or [[Middle Welsh]] ''taran'' ('[peal of] thunder, thunderclap'). The [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] word for 'thunder' has been preserved in [[Gascon language|Gascon]] ''taram''.<ref name=":0" />{{sfn|Koch|2020|pp=142–144}}<ref name=":1" />
==Association with the wheel==
{{See also|Wheel of the Year}}
[[File:Rouelle votive wheels.jpg|thumb|Votive wheels called ''Rouelles'', thought to correspond to the cult of Taranis. Thousands of such wheels have been found in sanctuaries in [[Belgic Gaul]], dating from 50 BC to 50 AD. [[Musée d'Archéologie Nationale]].]]
The wheel, more specifically the [[chariot]] wheel with six or eight [[spoke]]s, was an important symbol in historical [[Celtic polytheism]], apparently associated with a specific god, known as the wheel-god, identified as the sky- sun- or thunder-god, whose name is attested as Taranis by [[Lucan]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=km66Nu4d-34C&dq=Celtic+wheels&pg=RA1-PA117|title=Symbol and Image in Celtic Religious Art|isbn=9780415080767|last1=Green|first1=Miranda|year=1992}}</ref> Numerous Celtic coins also depict such a wheel. The half-wheel shown in the Gundestrup cauldron [[Gundestrup cauldron#Plate C: Broken Wheel|"broken wheel" panel]] also has eight visible spokes.{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}
Symbolic votive wheels were offered at shrines (such as in [[Alesia (city)|Alesia]]), cast in rivers (such as the [[Seine]]), buried in tombs or worn as [[amulets]] since the [[Middle Bronze Age]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRbTkaHJpJcC&dq=Celtic+wheels&pg=PA45|title=Celtic Myths|isbn=9780292727540|last1=Green|first1=Miranda Jane|year=1993}}</ref> Such "wheel pendants" from the Bronze Age usually had four spokes, and are commonly identified as solar symbols or "[[sun cross|sun crosses]]". Artefacts parallel to the Celtic votive wheels or wheel-pendants are the so-called ''[[Zierscheibe]]n'' in a Germanic context. The identification of the Sun with a wheel, or a chariot, has parallels in Germanic, Greek and Vedic mythology (see [[sun chariot]]).{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}
<gallery class="center">
File:Stone Wheel from Santa Tegra.jpg|Stone wheel representation from the Santa Tegra hill-fort ([[A Guarda]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]). Museo arqueolóxico do castro de Santa Tegra<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aguarda.com/museo/index.htm |title=Home_index.HTM |access-date=2012-04-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422132547/http://www.aguarda.com/museo/index.htm |archive-date=2012-04-22 }}</ref>
File:Rouelle d or Balesme Haute Marne.jpg|Golden Celtic wheel with symbols, Balesme, [[Haute-Marne]]. [[Musée d'Archéologie Nationale]].
</gallery>
==Later cultural references==
In 2013 a British combat drone system developed by defence contractor [[BAE Systems Military Air & Information|BAE Systems]] was named [[BAE Systems Taranis|Taranis]] in reference to the Celtic god.<ref name="UK Defence Journal">{{cite web|url=http://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/taranis-stealth-drone-test-flights-successful/|title=Taranis stealth drone test flights successful|last=Allison|first=George|date=5 February 2014|publisher=UK Defence Journal|access-date=6 February 2014}}</ref>
Taranis and [[Toutatis]] are often mentioned by characters of the ''[[Asterix]]'' series.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Simon|first=André|date=1981|title=Les Gaulois dans la B.D.|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-le-debat-1981-9-page-96.htm|journal=Le Débat|volume=16|issue=9|pages=96–108|doi=10.3917/deba.016.0096}}</ref>
Taranis and other Celtic gods are often referred to in the EPIX television series [[Britannia (TV series)|Britannia]]
MacG Racing have developed a racing car called the [https://www.macgracing.co.uk/taranis.shtml Taranis] racing in the [https://www.british-endurance-championship.com/ British Endurance Championship]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MacG Racing Taranis |url=https://www.macgracing.co.uk/taranis.shtml |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=www.macgracing.co.uk}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Delbáeth]]
*[[Fontes Tamarici]]
*[[Perkūnas]]
*[[Indra]]
*[[Perun]]
*[[Thor]]
*[[Tuireann]]
*[[Zeus]]
==Footnotes==
<!-- Following [[WP:CITESHORT]] -->
{{Reflist}}
== References ==
* Ellis, Peter Berresford, ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology'' (Oxford Paperback Reference), Oxford University Press, (1994): {{ISBN|0-19-508961-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Koch|first=John T.|title=Celto-Germanic, Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West |publisher=Aberystwyth Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies |year=2020|url=https://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Centre/2020/Celto-Germanic2020.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Centre/2020/Celto-Germanic2020.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|isbn=9781907029325|author-link=John T. Koch}}
* MacKillop, James. ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-19-280120-1}}.
* Wood, Juliette, ''The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art'', Thorsons Publishers (2002): {{ISBN|0-00-764059-5}}
==Further reading==
* Gricourt, Daniel; Hollard, Dominique. "Taranis, caelestiorum deorum maximus". In: ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', vol. 17, n°1, 1991. pp. 343–400. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/dha.1991.1919]; [www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1991_num_17_1_1919]
* Gricourt, Daniel; Hollard, Dominique. "Taranis, le dieu celtique à la roue. Remarques préliminaires". In: ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', vol. 16, n°2, 1990. pp. 275–320. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/dha.1990.1491]; www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1990_num_16_2_1491
==External links==
{{Wiktionary|Taranis}}
{{Commons category}}
*[https://archive.today/20121205053209/http://www.mythome.org/celtic.html Celtic Gods and Associates]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070918220827/http://altreligion.about.com/library/graphics/bl_taranis.htm Images of Taranis]
*[http://www.paralumun.com/celticgod.htm Celtic Gods]
*{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Doran |url=http://www.newsarama.com/comics/marvel-teaser-new-god-of-thunder-110811.html |title=Marvel Teaser: The NEW God of Thunder? [Move Over THOR?<nowiki>]</nowiki> |work=[[Newsarama]] |date=August 11, 2011 }}
{{Celtic mythology (ancient)}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:たらにす}}
[[Category:ケルト神話]]
[[Category:ガリア神話]]
[[File:Gundestrup C.jpg| thumb| [[Gundestrup cauldron]], created between 200 BC and 300 AD, is thought to have a depiction of Taranis on the inner wall of cauldron on tile C]]
Many representations of a bearded god with a thunderbolt in one hand and a wheel in the other have been recovered from Gaul, where this deity apparently came to be [[religious syncretism|syncretised]] with [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]].<ref>Paul-Marie Duval. 2002. ''Les Dieux de la Gaule.'' Paris, Éditions Payot.</ref>
== Name and etymology ==
The [[Proto-Celtic]] form of the name is reconstructed as *''Toranos'' ('Thunder'), which derives through [[Metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]] (switch of sounds) from an earlier *''Tonaros'', itself from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] (PIE) stem for 'thunder', *''(s)tenh₂-''. The original, unmetathesized form of the name is attested in the dative form ''tanaro'' ([[Chester]], 154 AD), found on a votive altar dedicated by a Roman officer from [[Clunia]] (modern [[Province of Burgos|Burgos Province]]), and in the Gaulish [[hydronym]] ''[[Tanaro (river)|Tanarus]]'' ('thundering' or 'thunderous'), an ancient name of the [[River Po]] (northern Italy).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Matasović|first=Ranko|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YN_YPQAACAAJ|title=Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic|date=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004173361|pages=384|language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Koch|2020|pp=142–144}}<ref>Sutrop, Urmas. "Taarapita-the Great God of the Oeselians". In: ''Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore'' 26 (2004). p. 40</ref> Similar European hydronyms have also been proposed to belong to the same root.<ref>Pedreño, Juan Carlos Olivares. "Los dioses soberanos y los ríos en la religión indígena de la Hispania indoeuropea". In: ''Gerión'' n. 18 (2000). p. 204. {{ISSN|0213-0181}}</ref> The PIE ''s''-initial seems to have been retained in [[Celtiberian language|Celtiberian]] ''steniontes'', ''stenion'', and ''stena''.{{sfn|Koch|2020|pp=142–144}}
In the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] context, the Proto-Celtic name *''Tonaros'' is identical to the [[Proto-Germanic]] Thunder-god ''*Þun(a)raz'' (cf. [[Old Norse|ON]] [[Thor|''Þórr'']], [[Old English|OE]] ''Þunor'', [[Old Saxon|OS]] ''Thunar'', [[Old Frisian|OFris.]] ''Thuner'', [[Old High German|OHG]] ''Donar''), and further related to the [[Vedic Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] ''stánati'' and [[Latin]] ''tono'', both meaning 'to thunder'''.''<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Delamarre|first=Xavier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C3BKPgAACAAJ|title=Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental|date=2008|publisher=Errance|isbn=9782877723695|pages=290|language=fr}}</ref> According to scholar Peter Jackson, the Celtic–Germanic [[isogloss]] *''Þun(a)raz'' ''~ *Tonaros'' may have emerged as the result of the fossilization of an original epithet (or [[epiclesis]]) of the [[Proto-Indo-European]] thunder-god *''[[Perkwunos|Perk<sup>w</sup>unos]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jackson|first=Peter|date=2002|title=Light from Distant Asterisks. Towards a Description of the Indo-European Religious Heritage|journal=Numen|volume=49|issue=1|pages=61–102|doi=10.1163/15685270252772777|issn=0029-5973|jstor=3270472}}</ref>
The later form *''Toranos'' is attested in the Gaulish divine names ''Taranis'' and ''Taranucnos'', as well as in the personal name ''Taranutius''. The name ''[[Taran mac Ainftech|Taran]]'', which appears in the prehistoric section of the Pictish King-List, may also be interpreted as a [[euhemerized]] god. The [[Hispano-Celtic languages|Hispano-Celtic]] ''tar(a)nekūm'' could mean 'of the descendants of Tar(a)nos'.{{sfn|Koch|2020|pp=142–144}}
Additional [[cognates]] may also be found in medieval Celtic languages, such as [[Old Irish]] ''torann'' ('thunder, noise'), [[Old Breton]] ''taran'', [[Old Cornish]] ''taran'', or [[Middle Welsh]] ''taran'' ('[peal of] thunder, thunderclap'). The [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] word for 'thunder' has been preserved in [[Gascon language|Gascon]] ''taram''.<ref name=":0" />{{sfn|Koch|2020|pp=142–144}}<ref name=":1" />
==Association with the wheel==
{{See also|Wheel of the Year}}
[[File:Rouelle votive wheels.jpg|thumb|Votive wheels called ''Rouelles'', thought to correspond to the cult of Taranis. Thousands of such wheels have been found in sanctuaries in [[Belgic Gaul]], dating from 50 BC to 50 AD. [[Musée d'Archéologie Nationale]].]]
The wheel, more specifically the [[chariot]] wheel with six or eight [[spoke]]s, was an important symbol in historical [[Celtic polytheism]], apparently associated with a specific god, known as the wheel-god, identified as the sky- sun- or thunder-god, whose name is attested as Taranis by [[Lucan]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=km66Nu4d-34C&dq=Celtic+wheels&pg=RA1-PA117|title=Symbol and Image in Celtic Religious Art|isbn=9780415080767|last1=Green|first1=Miranda|year=1992}}</ref> Numerous Celtic coins also depict such a wheel. The half-wheel shown in the Gundestrup cauldron [[Gundestrup cauldron#Plate C: Broken Wheel|"broken wheel" panel]] also has eight visible spokes.{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}
Symbolic votive wheels were offered at shrines (such as in [[Alesia (city)|Alesia]]), cast in rivers (such as the [[Seine]]), buried in tombs or worn as [[amulets]] since the [[Middle Bronze Age]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRbTkaHJpJcC&dq=Celtic+wheels&pg=PA45|title=Celtic Myths|isbn=9780292727540|last1=Green|first1=Miranda Jane|year=1993}}</ref> Such "wheel pendants" from the Bronze Age usually had four spokes, and are commonly identified as solar symbols or "[[sun cross|sun crosses]]". Artefacts parallel to the Celtic votive wheels or wheel-pendants are the so-called ''[[Zierscheibe]]n'' in a Germanic context. The identification of the Sun with a wheel, or a chariot, has parallels in Germanic, Greek and Vedic mythology (see [[sun chariot]]).{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}
<gallery class="center">
File:Stone Wheel from Santa Tegra.jpg|Stone wheel representation from the Santa Tegra hill-fort ([[A Guarda]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]). Museo arqueolóxico do castro de Santa Tegra<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aguarda.com/museo/index.htm |title=Home_index.HTM |access-date=2012-04-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422132547/http://www.aguarda.com/museo/index.htm |archive-date=2012-04-22 }}</ref>
File:Rouelle d or Balesme Haute Marne.jpg|Golden Celtic wheel with symbols, Balesme, [[Haute-Marne]]. [[Musée d'Archéologie Nationale]].
</gallery>
==Later cultural references==
In 2013 a British combat drone system developed by defence contractor [[BAE Systems Military Air & Information|BAE Systems]] was named [[BAE Systems Taranis|Taranis]] in reference to the Celtic god.<ref name="UK Defence Journal">{{cite web|url=http://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/taranis-stealth-drone-test-flights-successful/|title=Taranis stealth drone test flights successful|last=Allison|first=George|date=5 February 2014|publisher=UK Defence Journal|access-date=6 February 2014}}</ref>
Taranis and [[Toutatis]] are often mentioned by characters of the ''[[Asterix]]'' series.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Simon|first=André|date=1981|title=Les Gaulois dans la B.D.|url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-le-debat-1981-9-page-96.htm|journal=Le Débat|volume=16|issue=9|pages=96–108|doi=10.3917/deba.016.0096}}</ref>
Taranis and other Celtic gods are often referred to in the EPIX television series [[Britannia (TV series)|Britannia]]
MacG Racing have developed a racing car called the [https://www.macgracing.co.uk/taranis.shtml Taranis] racing in the [https://www.british-endurance-championship.com/ British Endurance Championship]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MacG Racing Taranis |url=https://www.macgracing.co.uk/taranis.shtml |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=www.macgracing.co.uk}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Delbáeth]]
*[[Fontes Tamarici]]
*[[Perkūnas]]
*[[Indra]]
*[[Perun]]
*[[Thor]]
*[[Tuireann]]
*[[Zeus]]
==Footnotes==
<!-- Following [[WP:CITESHORT]] -->
{{Reflist}}
== References ==
* Ellis, Peter Berresford, ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology'' (Oxford Paperback Reference), Oxford University Press, (1994): {{ISBN|0-19-508961-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Koch|first=John T.|title=Celto-Germanic, Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West |publisher=Aberystwyth Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies |year=2020|url=https://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Centre/2020/Celto-Germanic2020.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Centre/2020/Celto-Germanic2020.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|isbn=9781907029325|author-link=John T. Koch}}
* MacKillop, James. ''Dictionary of Celtic Mythology''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-19-280120-1}}.
* Wood, Juliette, ''The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art'', Thorsons Publishers (2002): {{ISBN|0-00-764059-5}}
==Further reading==
* Gricourt, Daniel; Hollard, Dominique. "Taranis, caelestiorum deorum maximus". In: ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', vol. 17, n°1, 1991. pp. 343–400. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/dha.1991.1919]; [www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1991_num_17_1_1919]
* Gricourt, Daniel; Hollard, Dominique. "Taranis, le dieu celtique à la roue. Remarques préliminaires". In: ''Dialogues d'histoire ancienne'', vol. 16, n°2, 1990. pp. 275–320. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/dha.1990.1491]; www.persee.fr/doc/dha_0755-7256_1990_num_16_2_1491
==External links==
{{Wiktionary|Taranis}}
{{Commons category}}
*[https://archive.today/20121205053209/http://www.mythome.org/celtic.html Celtic Gods and Associates]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070918220827/http://altreligion.about.com/library/graphics/bl_taranis.htm Images of Taranis]
*[http://www.paralumun.com/celticgod.htm Celtic Gods]
*{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Doran |url=http://www.newsarama.com/comics/marvel-teaser-new-god-of-thunder-110811.html |title=Marvel Teaser: The NEW God of Thunder? [Move Over THOR?<nowiki>]</nowiki> |work=[[Newsarama]] |date=August 11, 2011 }}
{{Celtic mythology (ancient)}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:たらにす}}
[[Category:ケルト神話]]
[[Category:ガリア神話]]
