差分

**'''D4''' (3010, 8414, 14668)　:'''日本人で最も多いグループ'''であり<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />、北東アジアでよくみられ、'''日本人'''、'''朝鮮民族'''などでは最も高頻度で観察されるタイプであり、とりわけ日本人に於いてその頻度が高い。<ref name = "Maruyama2003"> Maruyama Sayaka , Minaguchi Kiyoshi, Saitou Naruya, 2003, Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese population, Int J Legal Med, vol 117, issue 4, p218–225, doi:10.1007/s00414-003-0379-2, pmid:12845447</ref><ref name = "Umetsu2005">Umetsu Kazuo, Tanaka Masashi, Yuasa Isao, 2005, Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations, Electrophoresis , vol 26, issue 1, p91–98, doi:10.1002/elps.200406129, pmid:15624129</ref><ref name = "Derenko2012" /><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17058303 East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis]</ref><ref name = "Kong2003">Kong Qing-Peng, Yao Yong-Gang, Liu Mu, 2003, Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China, Hum Genet, vol 113, issue 5, p391–405, doi: 10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7, pmid:12938036</ref><ref name = "Asari2007">Asari M, 2007, Utility of haplogroup determination for forensic mtDNA analysis in the Japanese population , Leg Med, vol 9, issue 5, p237–240, doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.01.007, pmid:17467322</ref><ref name = "Zheng2011">Zheng H-X, Yan S, Qin Z-D, Wang Y, Tan J-Z, 2011, Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes, PLoS ONE, vol 6, issue 10, pe25835, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025835, pmid:21998705, pmc:3188578</ref> [[ウィルタ]]、[[ブリヤート]]、[[カルムイク人]]、[[テレンギト人]]などでも最もよく見られるタイプであるウィルタ、ブリヤート、カルムイク人、テレンギト人などでも最もよく見られるタイプである<ref name = "Derenko2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Derenko | first1 = M | last2 = , Malyarchuk | first2 = B | last3 = , Denisova | first3 = G | last4 = , Perkova | first4 = M | last5 = , Rogalla | first5 = U | year = , 2012 | title = , Complete Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Eastern Eurasian Haplogroups Rarely Found in Populations of Northern Asia and Eastern Europe | journal = , PLoS ONE | volume = , vol 7 | , issue = 2| page = e32179 | , pe32179, doi = :10.1371/journal.pone.0032179 | , pmid=22363811 | , pmc=3283723}}</ref><ref name = "Derenko2007">{{cite journal | last1 = Derenko | first1 = Miroslava | last2 = , Malyarchuk | first2 = Boris | last3 = , Grzybowski | first3 = Tomasz | year = , 2007 | title = , Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations | journal = , Am. J. Hum. Genet. | volume = , vol 81 | , issue = 5| pages = 1025–1041 | , p1025–1041, doi = :10.1086/522933 | , pmid=:17924343 | , pmc=:2265662}}</ref>。[[中国]]・中国西部・[[中央アジア]]、[[アメリカ先住民]]で広く観察される<ref name = "Malhi2004">{{cite journal | last1 = Malhi | first1 = Ripan S. | last2 = Breece | first2 = Katherine E. | last3 = Schultz Shook | first3 = Beth A. | last4 = Kaestle | first4 = Frederika A. | year = 2004 | title = Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Northwestern North America | url = | journal = Human Biology | volume = 76 | issue = 1| pages = 33–54 | doi = 10.1353/hub.2004.0023 | pmid = 15222679 }}</ref><ref name = "Malhi2003">{{cite journal | last1 = Malhi | first1 = Ripan S. | last2 = Mortensen | first2 = Holly M. | last3 = Eshleman | first3 = Jason A. | year = 2003 | title = Native American mtDNA Prehistory in the American Southwest | url = | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 120 | issue = 2| pages = 108–124 | doi=10.1002/ajpa.10138| pmid = 12541329 }}</ref><ref name = "Wen2005">{{cite journal | last1 = Wen | first1 = Bo | last2 = Li | first2 = Hui | last3 = Gao | first3 = Song | year = 2005 | title = Genetic Structure of Hmong-Mien Speaking Populations in East Asia as Revealed by mtDNA Lineages | url = | journal = Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume = 22 | issue = 3| pages = 725–734 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msi055 | pmid = 15548747 }}</ref><ref name = "Hill2006">{{cite journal | last1 = Hill | first1 = Catherine | last2 = Soares | first2 = Pedro | last3 = Mormina | first3 = Maru | year = 2006 | title = Phylogeography and Ethnogenesis of Aboriginal Southeast Asians | url = | journal = Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume = 23 | issue = 12| pages = 2480–2491 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msl124 | pmid=16982817}}</ref><ref name = "Hill2007">Catherine Hill, Pedro Soares, Maru Mormina ''et al.'', "A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia", ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' (2007);80:29–43.</ref><ref name = "Kaewsutthi2011">{{cite journal | last1 = Kaewsutthi | first1 = Supannee | last2 = Phasukkijwatana | first2 = Nopasak | last3 = Joyjinda | first3 = Yutthana | date = Jul 2011 | title = Mitochondrial Haplogroup Background May Influence Southeast Asian G11778A Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy | url = | journal = Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | volume = 52 | issue = 7| pages = 4742–8 | doi = 10.1167/iovs.10-5816 | pmid = 21398275 }}</ref><ref name = "Volodko2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Volodko | first1 = Natalia V. | last2 = Starikovskaya | first2 = Elena B. | last3 = Mazunin | first3 = Ilya O. | year = 2008 | title = Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in Arctic Siberians, with Particular Reference to the Evolutionary History of Beringia and Pleistocenic Peopling of the Americas | url = | journal = The American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 82 | issue = 5| pages = 1084–1100 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.03.019 | pmid = 18452887 | pmc = 2427195 }}</ref>。[[パレオ・インディアン]]やロシア[[沿海州]]（[[悪魔の門]]）及び[[中国東北部]]の新石器時代初期の遺跡（吉林省[[大安市]]にあるホウタオムガ遺跡、内モンゴル自治区[[通遼市]]にあるハミンマンハ遺跡等）でも最も頻繁に見られるハプログループである。