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{{short description|Hurrian goddess of love and war}}{{Infobox deity| type = Hurrian| name = Šauška| image = [[File:Shaushka YazilikayaMitannimap200.jpgpng| caption = Engraving of a relief from [[Yazılıkaya]] near [[Hattusa]] (Boǧazkale) depicting Shaushka.thumb| deity_of = Goddess of love, war and healing650px| cult_center = [[Nineveh]], [[Nuziルウィ語圏。ニネヴェはアッシュールのやや北にある。]]| symbol =| parents ={{plainlist|*[[Anu (god)|Anu]] and [[Kumarbi]]'''シャウシュカ'''（'''Shaushka'''、Šauša又は Šawuška）は、フルリ人の神殿において最高位の女神で、愛と'''戦争'''、そして呪術、ひいては治癒に関連した神だった。シャウシュカは通常、女神とされ、「アライ（allai）」（フルリ語：「貴婦人（lady）」）のような女性名詞で呼ばれたが、男性名詞のシャウシュカも知られている。フルリ人は彼女をニネヴェ<ref>アッシリアの都市。アッシュールのやや北方にある。</ref>と関連付けていたが、アナトリアの都市キズワトナからシリアのアララハ<ref>アンティオキア近くの年</ref>とウガリット、北東メソポタミアのヌジとウランメまでシャウシュカ女神の文化と関連した他の多くの拠点で、女神は崇拝された。シャウシュカ女神はメソポタミア南部でも崇拝され、ウル第三王朝の時代<ref>紀元前22世紀から紀元前21世紀にかけてメソポタミアを支配した王朝</ref>に他の外来の神々と一緒に導入された。南部メソポタミアでは、シャウシュカはイシュタルと関連づけられるようになった。その後、ヒッタイトの文化に対するフルリ人の影響が強まり、シャウシュカはヒッタイトの神殿に祀られることになった。*alternatively [[Kušuḫ]]{{sfn|Trémouille|2011|p=102}}}}| siblings = ヒッタイト語に翻訳されたものしか知られていないフルリ神話では、一般的にシャウシュカは兄テシュブの盟友として、あるいは彼女自身が主人公として登場する。具体的な物語としては、海の怪物[[Teshubヘダム]] and （Ḫedammu）、閃緑岩の巨人[[Tasmisu|Tašmišuウルリクムミ]]（Ullikummi）、海の神キアセ（Kiaše）、山の神ピサイサフ（Pišaišapḫ）との戦いが記されている。また、オリーブの木が擬人化されたハッサリ（Hašarri）の神話にも登場し、様々な脅威からシャウシュカを守る必要があった。| equivalent1_type = Mesopotamian| equivalent1 = [[Inanna]]/Ishtar| equivalent2_type = Ugaritic| equivalent2 = [[Ashtart]]| equivalent3_type = Hittite| equivalent3 = possibly [[Anzili]]}}
'''Šauška''' ('''Shaushka'''), also called '''Šauša''' or '''Šawuška''', was the highest ranked goddess in the [[Hurrian religion|Hurrian]] pantheon, associated with love and war, as well as with incantations and by extension with healing. While she was usually referred to as a goddess and with feminine titles, such as ''allai'' ([[Hurrian language|Hurrian]]: "lady"), references to masculine Shaushka are also known. The Hurrians associated her with [[Nineveh]], but she was also worshiped in many other centers associated with this culture, from Anatolian cities in [[Kizzuwatna]], through [[Alalakh]] and [[Ugarit]] in [[Syria (region)|Syria]], to [[Nuzi]] and Ulamme in northeastern [[Mesopotamia]]. She was also worshiped in southern Mesopotamia, where she was introduced alongside a number of other foreign deities in the [[Third Dynasty of Ur|Ur III period]]. In this area, she came to be associated with [[Ishtar]]. At a later point in time, growing Hurrian influence on [[Hittites|Hittite]] culture resulted in the adoption of Shaushka into the Hittite state pantheon.
In Hurrian myths, many of which are only known from their Hittite translations, Shaushka commonly appears either as an ally of her brother [[Teshub]], or as a heroine in her own right. Specific narratives describe her battles against the sea monster [[Ḫedammu]], the diorite giant [[Ullikummi]], the sea god [[Kiaše]] and the mountain god [[Pišaišapḫi]]. She also appears in a myth about Hašarri, a personified olive tree, who needs to be protected by her from various threats.
{{Authority control}}
{{Hurrian mythology}}
編集の要約なし
Both in the sphere of cult and in myths, Shaushka was usually accompanied by her two handmaidens, [[Ninatta and Kulitta]]. Other servant deities associated with her appear only in lists of offerings and descriptions of rituals.
===Ugaritic Ishtar Hurri and Phoenician Astarte Hurri===
It has been proposed that a figure known as Ishtar Hurri (the Hurrian Ishtar{{sfn| Smith|2014|p=54}} first attested in texts from Ugarit written in Akkadian, was analogous to Shaushka.{{sfn|Trémouille|2011|pp=100-101}}{{sfn|Smith|2014|p=77}} While other explanations of the epithet Hurri have also been proposed, according to Mark Smith they are not plausible.{{sfn|Smith|2014|p=77}} The "Hurrian Astarte" is known from 8th century BCE [[Sidon]].{{sfn|Bloch-Smith|2014|p=183}}
== 参考文献 ==
* Wikipedia：[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0au%C5%A1ka Šauška]
==References==
*{{citation|last=Wilhelm|first=Gernot|entry=Undurumma(n)|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=2014a|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#12084|language=de|access-date=2022-03-23}}
{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:シヤウシユカ}}
