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On the other hand, a medieval Northern European or Indian traveller, if confronted with tales about ostriches, might very well not have recognized them for what they were (compare [[History of elephants in Europe]]).{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}} In addition to Polo's account of the ''rukh'' in 1298, Chou Ch'ű-fei (周去非, Zhōu Qùfēi), in his 1178 book ''[[Lingwai Daida]]'', told of a large island off Africa with birds large enough to use their quills as water reservoirs.<ref>{{Cite book|title=In Search of the Red Slave|last=Pearson & Godden|year=2002|isbn=0750929383|pages=121}}</ref> Fronds of the [[raffia palm]] may have been brought to [[Kublai Khan]] under the guise of roc's feathers.<ref>[[Sir Henry Yule|Yule]]'s ''[[Marco Polo]]'', bk. iii. ch. 33, and ''Academy'', 1884, No. 620.</ref><ref>Attenborough, D. (1961). ''Zoo Quest to Madagascar''. Lutterworth Press, London. p.32-33.</ref>
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また、アフリカのダチョウが飛べないこと、珍しい外見からもっと大きな種のヒナと間違われたことから、ロックの存在が仮定されたという合理的な説もある。しかし、聖書の時代には旧約聖書の翻訳によって、ダチョウがヨーロッパ人に知られていたという説もある<ref>|url=http://www.biblestudytools.com/job/passage/?q=job+39:13-18 , Job 39:13-18 - "The wings of the ostrich flap joyfully, though...NIV , Bible Study Tools</ref><ref>September 2016</ref>。一方、中世の北欧やインドの旅行者は、ダチョウの話に直面しても、それが何であるかを認識できなかったかもしれない（ヨーロッパにおけるゾウの歴史と比較）<sup>（要出典）</sup>。
1298年のポーロのロック鳥に関する記述のほか、周去非（Zhōu Qùfēi）は1178年の著書『霊鷲大陀』で、アフリカ沖の大きな島には、羽を貯水池として使えるほど大きな鳥がいると述べている<ref>In Search of the Red Slave , Pearson & Godden , 2002 , isbn:0750929383 , pages121</ref>。ラフィア椰子の葉は、ロック鳥の羽という名目でクビライ・ハーンの元に持ち込まれた可能性がある<ref>Yule's ''Marco Polo'', bk. iii. ch. 33, and ''Academy'', 1884, No. 620.</ref><ref>Attenborough, D. (1961). ''Zoo Quest to Madagascar''. Lutterworth Press, London. p.32-33.</ref>。
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Some recent scholars{{Who|date=September 2017}} have compared the legendary roc with the [[Haast's eagle]], of [[New Zealand]]. {{convert|1.4|m|abbr=on}} long with a {{convert|3|m|abbr=on|adj=on}} wingspan, it became extinct around the 15th century, but probably inspired the [[Māori mythology|Māori legend]] of ''Te Hokioi'' or ''[[Hakawai (mythology)|Te Hakawai]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nzbirds.com/birds/haasteagle.html|title=New Zealand Birds|access-date=2010-07-09}}</ref> This was said to be a colorful huge bird which (in some versions of the legend) had occasionally descended to Earth to carry off humans to eat, but generally lived in the clouds unseen. Only its cry, after which it was named, could be heard. Indeed, the ''hokioi'' seems to be a composite mythical beast inspired by actual animals, just like the roc appears to have been. In the 1980s, it was found<ref>Miskelly (1987), Galbreath & Miskelly (1988)</ref> that male ''[[Coenocorypha]]'' snipes, tiny [[nocturnal]] [[wader]]s, produce an unexpectedly loud [[Drumming (snipe)|roaring sound]] with their tails during mating flights. The supposed coloration of the ''hokioi'' is not matched by any known bird, and generally would be extremely unusual for a bird of prey. Thus, as it seems likely that the ''hokioi'' was the eerie "drumming" of the snipes, explained with the ancestor's tales about the giant eagles which they still knew from living memory.
