差分

**'''D4''' (3010, 8414, 14668)　:'''日本人で最も多いグループ'''であり<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />、北東アジアでよくみられ、'''日本人'''、'''朝鮮民族'''などでは最も高頻度で観察されるタイプであり、とりわけ日本人に於いてその頻度が高い。<ref name = "Maruyama2003"> Maruyama Sayaka , Minaguchi Kiyoshi, Saitou Naruya, 2003, Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese population, Int J Legal Med, vol 117, issue 4, p218–225, doi:10.1007/s00414-003-0379-2, pmid:12845447</ref><ref name = "Umetsu2005">Umetsu Kazuo, Tanaka Masashi, Yuasa Isao, 2005, Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations, Electrophoresis , vol 26, issue 1, p91–98, doi:10.1002/elps.200406129, pmid:15624129</ref><ref name = "Derenko2012" /><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17058303 East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis]</ref><ref name = "Kong2003">Kong Qing-Peng, Yao Yong-Gang, Liu Mu, 2003, Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China, Hum Genet, vol 113, issue 5, p391–405, doi: 10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7, pmid:12938036</ref><ref name = "Asari2007">Asari M, 2007, Utility of haplogroup determination for forensic mtDNA analysis in the Japanese population , Leg Med, vol 9, issue 5, p237–240, doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.01.007, pmid:17467322</ref><ref name = "Zheng2011">Zheng H-X, Yan S, Qin Z-D, Wang Y, Tan J-Z, 2011, Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes, PLoS ONE, vol 6, issue 10, pe25835, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025835, pmid:21998705, pmc:3188578</ref> ウィルタ、ブリヤート、カルムイク人、テレンギト人などでも最もよく見られるタイプである<ref name = "Derenko2012">Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Denisova G, Perkova M, Rogalla U, 2012, Complete Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Eastern Eurasian Haplogroups Rarely Found in Populations of Northern Asia and Eastern Europe, PLoS ONE, vol 7, issue 2, pe32179, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032179, pmid=22363811, pmc=3283723</ref><ref name = "Derenko2007">Derenko Miroslava, Malyarchuk Boris, Grzybowski Tomasz, 2007, Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations, Am. J. Hum. Genet., vol 81, issue 5, p1025–1041, doi:10.1086/522933, pmid:17924343, pmc:2265662</ref>。中国・中国西部・中央アジア、アメリカ先住民で広く観察される<ref name = "Malhi2004">Malhi Ripan S., Breece Katherine E., Schultz Shook Beth A., Kaestle Frederika A., 2004, Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Northwestern North America, Human Biology, vol 76, issue 1, p33–54, doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0023, pmid:15222679</ref><ref name = "Malhi2003">Malhi Ripan S., Mortensen Holly M., Eshleman, Jason A., 2003, Native American mtDNA Prehistory in the American Southwest, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol 120, issue 2, p108–124, doi:10.1002/ajpa.10138, pmid:12541329</ref><ref name = "Wen2005">{{cite journal | last1 = Wen | first1 = Bo | last2 = , Li | first2 = Hui | last3 = , Gao | first3 = Song | year = , 2005 | title = , Genetic Structure of Hmong-Mien Speaking Populations in East Asia as Revealed by mtDNA Lineages | url = | journal = , Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume = , vol 22 | , issue = 3| pages = 725–734 | , p725–734, doi = :10.1093/molbev/msi055 | , pmid = :15548747 }}</ref><ref name = "Hill2006">{{cite journal | last1 = Hill | first1 = Catherine | last2 = , Soares | first2 = Pedro | last3 = , Mormina | first3 = Maru | year = , 2006 | title = , Phylogeography and Ethnogenesis of Aboriginal Southeast Asians | url = | journal = , Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume = , vol 23 | , issue = :12| pages = 2480–2491 | ,p2480–2491, doi = :10.1093/molbev/msl124 | , pmid=:16982817}}</ref><ref name = "Hill2007">Catherine Hill, Pedro Soares, Maru Mormina ''et al.'', "A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia", ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' (2007);80:29–43.</ref><ref name = "Kaewsutthi2011">{{cite journal | last1 = Kaewsutthi | first1 = Supannee | last2 = Phasukkijwatana | first2 = Nopasak | last3 = Joyjinda | first3 = Yutthana | date = Jul 2011 | title = Mitochondrial Haplogroup Background May Influence Southeast Asian G11778A Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy | url = | journal = Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | volume = 52 | issue = 7| pages = 4742–8 | doi = 10.1167/iovs.10-5816 | pmid = 21398275 }}</ref><ref name = "Volodko2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Volodko | first1 = Natalia V. | last2 = Starikovskaya | first2 = Elena B. | last3 = Mazunin | first3 = Ilya O. | year = 2008 | title = Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in Arctic Siberians, with Particular Reference to the Evolutionary History of Beringia and Pleistocenic Peopling of the Americas | url = | journal = The American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 82 | issue = 5| pages = 1084–1100 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.03.019 | pmid = 18452887 | pmc = 2427195 }}</ref>。[[パレオ・インディアン]]やロシア[[沿海州]]（[[悪魔の門]]）及び[[中国東北部]]の新石器時代初期の遺跡（吉林省[[大安市]]にあるホウタオムガ遺跡、内モンゴル自治区[[通遼市]]にあるハミンマンハ遺跡等）でも最も頻繁に見られるハプログループである。