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名前の語源は不明である。古典期のアッティカでは、Ἀπόλλων（a.pól.lɔːn|pron）という綴りが他のすべての綴りにほぼ勝っていたが、ドーリア式の Apellon (Ἀπέλων) はより古風で、それ以前の *Ἀπέλjων に由来している。おそらく、ドーリア式の月Apellaios (Ἀπελλαῖος)<ref name="DDD">van der Toorn =Karel, Becking Bob, van der Horst Pieter Willem, Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, https://books.google.com/books?id=PHgUAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA73, 1999, Brill, isbn:978-90-04-11119-6, page73</ref>や、家族の祭りapellai (ἀπελαῖα) で若者の入門時に捧げるapellaia (ἀπέλα) と同義であろうと考えられる<ref>"The young men became grown-up kouroi, and Apollon was the megistos kouros (The Great Kouros) : Jane Ellen Harrison (2010): ''Themis: A study to the Social origins of Greek Religion'' Cambridge University Press. pp. 439–441, ISBN:1108009492</ref><ref>Leiden E. J., Visible Religion. Volume IV–V. Approaches to Iconology, 1985, Brill, pages143, isbn:9004077723, https://books.google.com/books?id=UesUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA143</ref>。この言葉はドーリア語の apella (ἀπέλα) に由来し、もともとは「壁」「動物のための柵」、後に「広場の範囲内の集まり」を意味したとする学者もいる<ref name=Nilsson556>The word usually appears in plural: Hesychius: ἀπέλλαι（apellai), σηκοί ("folds"), ἐκκλησίαι}} ("assemblies"), ἀρχαιρεσίαι ("elections"): Nilsson, Vol. I, p. 556</ref><ref>Doric Greek verb: ἀπέλλάζειν ("to assemble"), and the festival ἀπέλλαι（|apellai), which surely belonged to Apollo. Nilsson, Vol I, p. 556.</ref>。アペラ（Ἀπέλα）は、スパルタにおける民衆集会の名称で<ref name=Nilsson556/>、エクレシア（ἐκλησία）に相当する。R. S. P. ビークスはこの名称と名詞apellaiとの関連性を否定し、先ギリシャ語の原形*Apal<sup>y</sup>unを示唆した<ref>Beekes, 2009, pp. 115, 118–119.</ref>。
古代の作家から、一般的な語源が証明されている例もいくつかある。このように、ギリシャ人はアポローンの名前を、ギリシャ語の動詞ἀπόλλυμι (apollymi) 「破壊する」と関連付けることが最も多かった<ref>Mike , Campbell , http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=apollo, Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Apollo, Behind the Name, 30 July 2013</ref>。。プラトンは『クラテュロス』において、この名をἀπόλυσις（アポリシス）「救済」、ἀπόλυσις（アポルーシス）「浄化」、ἁπλοῦν ([h]aploun)に結びつけている。特にテッサリア語の名称Ἄπλουνを「単純な」<ref>The ἁπλοῦν suggestion is repeated by Plutarch in ''Moralia'' in the sense of "unity".</ref>、最後にἈειβάλλων (aeiballon)「常に撃つ」と関連させている。
Several instances of [[popular etymology]] are attested from ancient authors. Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo's name with the Greek verb {{lang|grc|ἀπόλλυμι}} ({{transliteration|grc|apollymi}}), "to destroy". [[Plato]] in ''[[Cratylus]]'' connects the name with {{lang|grc|ἀπόλυσις}} ({{transliteration|grc| apolysis}}), "redemption", with {{lang|grc|ἀπόλουσις}} (''apolousis''), "purification", and with {{lang|grc|ἁπλοῦν}} ({{transliteration|grc|[h]aploun}}), "simple",<ref>The {{lang|grc|ἁπλοῦν}} suggestion is repeated by [[Plutarch]] in ''[[Moralia]]'' in the sense of "[[1 (number)|unity]]".</ref> in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, {{lang|grc|Ἄπλουν}}, and finally with {{lang|grc|Ἀειβάλλων}} ({{transliteration|grc|aeiballon}}), "ever-shooting". [[Hesychius of Alexandria|Hesychius]] connects the name Apollo with the Doric {{lang|grc|ἀπέλλα}} ({{transliteration|grc|apella}}), which means "assembly", so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation {{lang|grc|σηκός}} ({{transliteration|grc|sekos}}), "fold", in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds.{{sfn|Freese|1911|p=184}} In the [[ancient Macedonian language]] {{lang|grc|πέλλα}} ({{transliteration|grc|pella}}) means "stone,"<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 1168.</ref> and some [[toponyms]] may be derived from this word: {{lang|grc|Πέλλα}} ([[Pella]],<ref>{{LSJ|pe/lla|πέλλα|ref}}.</ref> the capital of [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|ancient Macedonia]]) and {{lang|grc|Πελλήνη}} (''Pellēnē''/''[[Pellene]]'').<ref>Nilsson Vol I, p. 558</ref>
The [[Hittite language|Hittite]] form ''[[Apaliunas]]'' (''<sup>d</sup>''{{lang|hit-Latn|x-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš}}) is attested in the [[Manapa-Tarhunta letter]].<ref>The reading of ''Apaliunas'' and the possible identification with Apollo is due to [[Emil Forrer]] (1931). It was doubted by [[Paul Kretschmer|Kretschmer]], ''Glotta'' XXIV, p. 250. Martin Nilsson (1967), Vol I, p. 559</ref> The [[Hittite language|Hittite]] testimony reflects an early form ''{{lang|grc-Latn|*Apeljōn}}'', which may also be surmised from comparison of Cypriot {{lang|grc|Ἀπείλων}} with Doric {{lang|grc|Ἀπέλλων}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Angel |first1=John L. |last2=Mellink |first2=Machteld Johanna | title = Troy and the Trojan War: A Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr College, October 1984| year = 1986| publisher = Bryn Mawr Commentaries| isbn = 978-0-929524-59-7| page = 42 }}</ref> The name of the Lydian god ''Qλdãns'' /kʷʎðãns/ may reflect an earlier /kʷalyán-/ before palatalization, syncope, and the pre-Lydian sound change *y ''>'' d.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgQowuFZeLUC&pg=PA338|title=Anatolian Historical Phonology|last=Melchert|first=Harold Craig|date=1994|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-9051836974|language=en}}</ref> Note the labiovelar in place of the labial /p/ found in pre-Doric ''Ἀπέλjων'' and Hittite ''Apaliunas''.
