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'''ヴイーヴル'''（Vouivre）は、主にフランスに伝わるドラゴンの一種。イングランドで伝えられる[[ワイヴァーン]]（Wyvern）のフランス版であるといわれる<ref name="ローズp58">ローズ, 松村訳 (2004), p. 58。</ref>。名前はラテン語でマムシ（クサリヘビ）を意味する vipera から派生<ref name="松平p204">松平 (2005), p. 204。</ref>。ニヴェルネー地方では、'''ウィーヴル'''（Wivre）または、'''ギーヴル'''（Guivre）と呼ばれ、ヌヴェール（フランス中部の都市）周辺の地方では'''ウイヴル'''として知られている。
A '''guivre''' is a [[mythical creature]] similar to a [[dragon]]. In legend they were portrayed as serpentine creatures who possessed venomous breath and prowled the countryside of Medieval France.{{sfn|Shuker|2003|p=16}} The words "guivre" ([[Wurm (dragon)|wurm]], [[wyvern]] [which is derived from it],<ref>{{cite web|title = wyvern|work = Oxford English Dictionary|publisher = Oxford University|year = 1989|url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50277927?query_type=word&queryword=wyvern|access-date = 2009-05-29 }}</ref> or serpent) and "givre" are spelling variations of the more common word "vouivre". Vouivre, in [[Frainc-Comtou dialect|Franc-Comtois]], is the equivalent of the old French word "guivre." All these forms are derived ultimately from Latin ''vīpera'', as is English ''viper''.<ref>{{cite web|title = viper|work = Oxford English Dictionary|publisher = Oxford University|year = 1989|url = http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50277927?query_type=word&queryword=viper|access-date = 2009-05-29 }}</ref>
==Description and habits==
Guivres were said to possess a long, serpentine body and a dragon's head. The hind feet are not as visible if present at all. The guivre had horns in its forehead in some accounts, as well.{{sfn|Rose|p=159}} Locally in France it was known as an extremely aggressive creature that would sometimes attack without being provoked.{{sfn|Rose|p=159}} They were afraid of naked humans, and when saw them, blushed and looked away.{{sfn|Shuker|2003|p=17}} Documentation points to their residence as being in small bodies of water like pools and lakes, forests, and any damp place.{{sfn|Rose|p=159}} also found in Europe.
== La Guivre ==
[[Samson of Dol]] was present at an encounter between a small dragon-like creature (known as "La Guivre") and a priest. Samson had come to visit Saint Suliao with an entourage of followers. Suliao was impoverished but sought to provide a meal as best as possible for the group. One priest, uneasy with the low quality of food, took a bread roll and hid it under his robe. Almost instantaneously he started convulsing and Suliao pulled apart his bosom, seeing what the man had done. He admonished the priest and removed a hideous serpentine creature from the robe. There he [[exorcism|exorcised]] it and then compelled another man to throw it from the roof of a building in Garot.{{sfn|Dickens|1864|p=319}}
== Vouivre ==
Guivres are also well known as vouivres, and the terms have become synonymous. For example, in ''The Drac: French Tales of Dragons and Demons'', the vouivre is depicted as a female creature with dazzling, green scales which emanate sound as the vouivre flies. The vouivre is depicted as greedy, her head crowned with pearls and a golden ring about her tail.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}} The beast in this story stayed in a cave for most of her time, then left to bathe only for a few minutes.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}
According to the ''Contes et légendes de Franche-Comté'', the Vouivre is a unique gigantic snake like dragon, wearing a ruby on its forehead, and using it as its eye.
== Literary use ==
In [[Steve Alten]]'s ''[[The Loch (novel)|The Loch]]'' the Loch Ness Monster is originally thought to be a guivre which got into [[Loch Ness]] through [[Moray Firth]]. The guiuvres were said to be a species of giant eel, a predecessor to the Anguilla. In the 1989 film ''La Vouivre'', the vouivre was a [[Dryad|wood nymph]].
== See also ==
*[[Biscione]]
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book|title=Dragons: A Natural History|url=https://archive.org/details/dragonsnaturalhi00karl_0|url-access=registration|last=Shuker|first=Karl|author-link=Karl Shuker|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|place=New York|year=2003}}
* {{cite book|title=Giants, Monsters, and Dragons|last=Rose|first=Carol|publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]]}}
* {{cite journal|title=All The Year Round|last=Dickens|first=Charles|year=1864|publisher=Oxford University|volume=X|issue=227–250}}
== 解説 ==
