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→現代的な関連性
=== 現代的な関連性 ===
スコットランド自由教会のプロテスタント牧師であったアレキサンダー・ヒスロップは、1853年に出版した小冊子『二つのバビロン』で、ローマ・カトリックは実はバビロニアの異教を装っているという主張の一環として、現代英語のイースターはイシュタルに由来するはずだと、二つの単語の音韻が似ていることから誤って主張したのである<ref>Hislop, 1903, page103</ref><ref group="私注">この点についての管理人の考えは'''[[エオステレ]]'''参照のこと。そもそも、イナンナとイシュタルが言語的に同起源とは思えないのに、無理矢理習合させてしまったアッカドのサルゴンにも問題があると考える。</ref>。現代の学者たちは、ヒスロップの主張は誤りであり、バビロニアの宗教に対する誤った理解に基づいていると、一様に否定している<ref>Grabbe, 1997, page28</ref><ref>Brown, 1976, page268</ref><ref>D'Costa, 2013</ref>。
In his 1853 pamphlet ''[[The Two Babylons]]'', as part of his argument that [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] is actually Babylonian paganism in disguise, [[Alexander Hislop]], a [[Protestantism|Protestant]] minister in the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Church of Scotland]], incorrectly argued that the modern English word ''[[Easter]]'' must be derived from ''Ishtar'' due to the phonetic similarity of the two words.{{sfn|Hislop|1903|page=103}} Modern scholars have unanimously rejected Hislop's arguments as erroneous and based on a flawed understanding of Babylonian religion.{{sfn|Grabbe|1997|page=28}}{{sfn|Brown|1976|page=268}}{{sfn|D'Costa|2013}} Nonetheless, Hislop's book is still popular among some groups of [[Evangelicalism|evangelical Protestants]]{{sfn|Grabbe|1997|page=28}} and the ideas promoted in it have become widely circulated, especially through the [[Internet]], due to a number of popular [[Internet meme]]s.{{sfn|D'Costa|2013}}
Ishtar had a major appearance in ''Ishtar and Izdubar'',{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|pages=20–21}} a book-length poem written in 1884 by Leonidas Le Cenci Hamilton, an American lawyer and businessman, loosely based on the recently translated ''Epic of Gilgamesh''.{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|pages=20–21}} ''Ishtar and Izdubar'' expanded the original roughly 3,000 lines of the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' to roughly 6,000 lines of rhyming couplets grouped into forty-eight [[canto]]s.{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|page=21}} Hamilton significantly altered most of the characters and introduced entirely new episodes not found in the original epic.{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|page=21}} Significantly influenced by [[Edward FitzGerald (poet)|Edward FitzGerald]]'s ''[[Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam]]'' and [[Edwin Arnold]]'s ''[[The Light of Asia]]'',{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|page=21}} Hamilton's characters dress more like nineteenth-century Turks than ancient Babylonians.{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|pages=22–23}} In the poem, Izdubar (the earlier misreading for the name "Gilgamesh") falls in love with Ishtar,{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|page=22}} but, then, "with hot and balmy breath, and trembling form aglow", she attempts to seduce him, leading Izdubar to reject her advances.{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|page=22}} Several "columns" of the book are devoted to an account of Ishtar's descent into the Underworld.{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|pages=22–23}} At the conclusion of the book, Izdubar, now a god, is reconciled with Ishtar in Heaven.{{sfn|Ziolkowski|2012|page=23}} In 1887, the composer [[Vincent d'Indy]] wrote ''Symphony Ishtar, variations symphonique, Op. 42'', a symphony inspired by the Assyrian monuments in the [[British Museum]].{{sfn|Pryke|2017|page=196}}
