差分

As concerns public rites nothing of them survives,公的儀式に関しては何も残っていないが<ref name=Dumezil367>Dumézil. ''Archaic Roman Religion.'' pg. 367</ref> however on this day as described by Ovid, an old drunken woman (''anus ebria'')、オイディウスの記述によると、この日、老酔女（anus ebria）<ref>Cokayne. ''Experiencing Old Age in Ancient Rome.'' pg. 145 (from google books. see References).</ref> が他の少女たちと輪になって座り、ララまたは[[ラールンダ]]というニンフと同一視される無口な女神タキタ<ref>''Brill's New Pauly.'' "Tacita."</ref>の名で儀式を行っている。  As concerns public rites nothing of them survives, however on this day as described by Ovid, an old drunken woman (''anus ebria'') sits in a circle with other girls performing rites in the name of the mute [[goddess]] [[Dea Tacita|Tacita]]<ref name=OvidII/> who is identified with the nymph Lara or [[Larunda]].<ref>''Brill's New Pauly.'' "Tacita."</ref> The ritual consists of the old woman placing three bits of incense, with three of her fingers, beneath a threshold where a mouse is unknowingly buried. She then rolls seven black beans in her mouth, and smears the head of a fish with pitch, impaling it with a bronze needle, and roasting it in a fire. After she formally declaims the purpose of her actions, as customary in Greco-Roman magic ritual,<ref name=L922/> saying, "I have gagged spiteful tongues and muzzled unfriendly mouths" (''Hostiles linguas inimicaque uinximus ora''),<ref name=L922/> she departs intoxicated.<ref name=OvidII/> The use of the black beans in the old woman's ritual may be related to rites that lend themselves to another festival of the dead in the month of May, called [[Lemuria (festival)|Lemuria]].<ref name=Dumezil367/><ref name=OvidV>Ovid. ''Fasti'', Book V.</ref> During Lemuria the dead ancestor spirits, particularly the unburied, called [[lemures]], emerge from their graves and visit the homes in which they had lived. It was then necessary to confront the unwelcome spirits and lure them out of one's house using specific actions and chants.<ref name=Dumezil367/> According to [[Ovid]], this includes the involvement of black beans to lure a spirit out of the home. "And after washing his (the householder) hands clean in spring water, he turns, and first he receives black beans and throws them away with face averted; but while he throws them, he says: 'These I cast; with these beans I redeem me and mine.' This he says nine times, without looking back: the shade is thought to gather the beans, and to follow unseen behind. Again he touches water, and clashes Temesan bronze, and asks the shade to go out of his house. When he has said nine times, 'Ghosts of my fathers, go forth!' he looks back, and thinks that he has duly performed the sacred rites."<ref name=OvidV/> Perhaps the black beans carried with them connotations of warding away or dispelling bad things in general, whether it be unwelcome spirits haunting a household as seen during Lemuria, or preventing undesired gossip towards an individual as in the old hag's [[ritual]] during Feralia. Also, in the context of sacrifices, the black beans are similar to the black animals used in sacrifice to the 'chthonic deities'.<ref name=cult/>