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ハリカルナッソスのヘロドトスによれば、スキタイ人は7つの神と女神からなるパンテオン（ヘプタッド、神殿）を崇拝しており、彼はこれを古典的な古代ギリシャの神々と同じように解釈している。彼は8つの神々を3つのランクに分け、スキタイのパンテオンは典型的なインド・イラン系の構造であると述べている<ref>Macaulay (1904:314). Cf. also Rolle (1980:128–129); Hort (1827:188–190).</ref><ef>Cunliffe, 2019, p265–290</ref>。
スキタイの「アレース」、すなわちハリカルナッソスのヘロドトスがギリシャ神話のアレースと同一視したスキタイの軍神は、第３ランクに属し、イランの神ウルスラグナ（Verethragna、Vərᵊraγn）に対応している。おそらくタビティーの子孫であった可能性がある。スキタイやサルマタイの「アレース」は、三面が垂直で四面が傾斜したブラシ材で作られた高い正方形の祭壇の上部に上向きに向けられたアキナケス<ref>スキタイ起源の短剣</ref>で表現されていた。スキタイの「アレース」は血の生け贄を捧げられていた。短剣の形で表現されていたことは、彼が軍事的な機能を有していたことの証拠である<ref>Raevskiy, 1993, [https://archive.org/details/ScythianMythology/page/n19/mode/2up 20]</ref>。
The Scythian "Arēs," that is the Scythian war god equated by {{transliteration|grc|Hērodotos|italics=no}} of {{transliteration|grc|Halikarnāssos|italics=no}} with the Greek god [[Ares|{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}]], corresponded to the Iranian deity [[Verethragna|{{transliteration|ae|Vərᵊϑraγna|italics=no}}]], and might possibly have been an offspring of {{transliteration|xsc|Tapatī́|italics=no}}.{{sfn|Safaee|2020}} The Scythian and Sarmatian "{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}" was represented by an [[acinaces|{{transliteration|grc|akīnakēs}}]] sword planted upwards at the top of a tall square altar made of brushwood of which three sides were vertical and the fourth was inclined to allow access to it. The Scythian "{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}" was given blood sacrifices and his representation in the form of a sword are evidence of his military function.{{sfn|Raevskiy|1993|page=[https://archive.org/details/ScythianMythology/page/n19/mode/2up 20]}} The Scythian "{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}" was also a god of kingship, and the use of horses and of the blood and right arms of prisoners in his cult was a symbolic devotion of the swiftness of horses and the strength of men to this god who had similar powers.{{sfn|Campbell|1969|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-l5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204#v=onepage&q&f=false 204]}}
The square shape of the altar of the Scythian "{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}" represented the four-sided "middle world," that is the air space, and the sword placed at its top represented the world axis which represented the vertical structure of the universe and connected its cosmic, central, and chthonic zones; the altar to the Scythian "{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}" was thus a model of the universe as conceptualised within Scythian cosmology, most and represented especially its central zone, the air space.{{sfn|Raevskiy|1993|page=[https://archive.org/details/ScythianMythology/page/n19/mode/2up 20]-[https://archive.org/details/ScythianMythology/page/n19/mode/2up 21]}} The tallness of the mound which acted as the altar to the Scythian "{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}," as well as the practice of throwing the right arms of prisoners sacrificed to him in the sky, are evidence of the celestial nature of the Scythian "{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}" as a god of the air space,{{sfn|Campbell|1969|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-l5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false 73]}} that is the practice of throwing these sacrificed arms in the air indicate that the Scythian "{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}" was associated to the gods of the sky and wind ([[Vayu-Vata|{{transliteration|ae|Vāta|italics=no}} and {{transliteration|ae|Vaiiu|italics=no}}]]), and more especially the wind, since the wind-god {{transliteration|ae|Vaiiu|italics=no}} was the first incarnation of {{transliteration|ae|Vərᵊϑraγna|italics=no}} and a special carrier of {{transliteration|xsc|fārnā}}/{{transliteration|ae|xᵛarənah}}. This is also recorded in the works of the Greek author [[Lucian|{{transliteration|grc|Loukianos|italics=no}} of {{transliteration|grc|Samosata|italics=no}}]], who recorded that the Scythians worshipped the Wind and the Sword as gods, referring to the dual nature of the Scythian "{{transliteration|grc|Arēs|italics=no}}" as a god of both the Wind, which brings gives life, and the Sword, which brings death; the dual nature of this god is also visible in the [[acinaces|{{transliteration|grc|akīnakēs}}]] used to represent him being shaped like a [[phallus]], thus being a deadly weapon which was also shaped in the form of a life-giving organ.{{sfn|Campbell|1969|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-l5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204#v=onepage&q&f=false 204]}}{{sfn|Raevskiy|1993|page=[https://archive.org/details/ScythianMythology/page/n19/mode/2up 20]-[https://archive.org/details/ScythianMythology/page/n19/mode/2up 21]}}
