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592 バイト除去 、 2023年2月21日 (火) 17:57
=== ギリシャの神殿 ===
* ギリシャのテーベ。アポローン・イスメニウスに捧げられたと思われる最古の神殿は、紀元前9世紀に建てられたもので、曲線的な建物だったようだ。ドーリア式神殿は紀元前7世紀初頭に建てられたが、小さな部材がいくつか見つかっている<ref>William Dinsmoor (1950),''The architecture of Ancient Greece'', p. 218, ISBN:0-8196-0283-3</ref>。9年ごとにアポローン・イスメニウス(またはガラクシウス)を称えるダフネフォリアという祭りが行われた。人々は月桂樹の枝(ダフナイ)を持ち、行列の先頭には「ダフネフォロス」と呼ばれる若者(アポロンの選帝侯)が歩いていた<ref name="William Smith 1875. p. 384">William Smith.'' A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities'', John Murray, London, 1875. p. 384</ref>。
* エレトリア。ホメロスのアポローン讃歌によると、神は神託を行う場所を求めて平原に到着した。最初のアポローン神殿ダフネフォロス(Daphnephoros)は、「月桂樹を運ぶアポローン」、つまり「ダフネを運び出す」もので、紀元前800年のものとされている。神殿は曲線的なヘカトンベドンであった。小さな建物には、最初の建物に使用された月桂樹の枝の基部が保管されていた。紀元前7世紀には、幾何学的な前身となる神殿の上に木製の柱の内列を持つ、おそらく周縁的な別の神殿が建設された。紀元前510年頃に再建されたもので、基壇の大きさは21,00×43,00m、基壇の数は6×14であった<ref>[http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/eh251.jsp?obj_id=1689 Hellenic Ministry of culture, Temple of Apollo Daphnephoros] , https://web.archive.org/web/20140912212901/http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/eh251.jsp?obj_id=1689, 12 September 2014</ref><ref>Rufus B. Richardson, "A Temple in Eretria" ''The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts'', '''10'''.3 (July – September 1895:326–337)</ref> 。*
*[[Eretria]]: According to the Homeric hymn to Apollo, the god arrived to the plain, seeking for a location to establish its oracle. The first temple of ''Apollo Daphnephoros'', "Apollo, laurel-bearer", or "carrying off Daphne", is dated to 800 B.C. The temple was curvilinear ''hecatombedon'' (a hundred feet). In a smaller building were kept the bases of the laurel branches which were used for the first building. Another temple probably peripteral was built in the 7th century B.C., with an inner row of wooden columns over its Geometric predecessor. It was rebuilt peripteral around 510 B.C., with the [[stylobate]] measuring 21,00 x 43,00 m. The number of [[pteron]] column was 6 x 14.<ref>[http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/eh251.jsp?obj_id=1689 Hellenic Ministry of culture, Temple of Apollo Daphnephoros] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912212901/http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/eh251.jsp?obj_id=1689 |date=12 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>Rufus B. Richardson, "A Temple in Eretria" ''The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts'', '''10'''.3 (July – September 1895:326–337)</ref>
*[[Dreros]] ([[Crete]]). The temple of ''Apollo Delphinios'' dates from the 7th century B.C., or probably from the middle of the 8th century B.C. According to the legend, Apollo appeared as a dolphin, and carried Cretan priests to the port of [[Delphi]].<ref name="Martin Nilsson 1967 p. 529">Martin Nilsson (1967). Vol&nbsp;I, p.&nbsp;529</ref> The dimensions of the plan are 10,70 x 24,00 m and the building was not peripteral. It contains column-bases of the [[Minoan civilization|Minoan]] type, which may be considered as the predecessors of the [[Doric order|Doric]] columns.<ref>Robertson pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=l3Ln6KMGio0C&pg=PA56 56], [https://books.google.com/books?id=l3Ln6KMGio0C&pg=PA323 323].</ref>
*[[Gortyn]] ([[Crete]]). A temple of ''Pythian Apollo'', was built in the 7th century B.C. The plan measured 19,00 x 16,70 m and it was not peripteral. The walls were solid, made from limestone, and there was single door on the east side.

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