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アポロ（アッティカ、イオニア、ホメロスギリシャ語：Ἀπόλωνアポローン（アッティカ、イオニア、ホメロスギリシャ語：Ἀπόλων, Apollōn (GEN Ἀπόλωνος); ドリス語：Ἀπέλων, Apellōn; アルカドプシコ語：Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn; Aeolic:Ἄπλουν, Aploun, ラテン語: Apollō)
The name ''Apollo''—unlike the related [[List of Mycenaean deities|older name]] ''[[Paean (god)|Paean]]''—is generally not found in the [[Linear B]] ([[Mycenean Greek]]) texts, although there is a possible attestation in the [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacunose]] form '']pe-rjo-['' (Linear B: ]{{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀟𐁊}}}}-[) on the [[Knossos|KN]] E 842 tablet,<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 118.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Internationale Archäologie|title=Apollon Delphinios – Apollon Didymeus: Zwei Gesichter eines milesischen Gottes und ihr Bezug zur Kolonisation Milets in archaischer Zeit|first=Alexander|last=Herda|url=https://www.academia.edu/515462|page=16|date=2008|volume=Arbeitsgemeinschaft, Symposium, Tagung, Kongress. Band 11: Kult(ur)kontakte. Apollon in Milet/Didyma, Histria, Myus, Naukratis und auf Zypern. Akten des Table Ronde in Mainz vom 11.–12. März 2004|language=de|isbn=978-3-89646-441-5}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo|url=http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/english/research/projects/damos/|publisher=[[University of Oslo]]. Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas|chapter=KN 842 E|chapter-url=https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/775|access-date=15 December 2014|archive-date=15 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215135205/http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/english/research/projects/damos/|url-status=dead}}</ref> though it has also been suggested that the name might actually read "[[Hyperion (Titan)|Hyperion]]" ([u]-pe-rjo-[ne]).<ref>{{cite book |first1=Felicia |last1=Logozzo |first2=Paolo |last2=Poccetti |title=Ancient Greek Linguistics: New Approaches, Insights, Perspectives |date=7 November 2017 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |pages=644 |isbn=9783110551754 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=llA_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA644}}</ref>
→語源
== 語源 ==
アポローンという名前は、関連する古い名前ペーン（Paean）と異なり、一般にリニアB（ミケーネ時代のギリシャ語）のテキストには見あたらない。しかし、KN E 842年版の[pe-rjo-]という拉致形があり<ref>R. S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 118.</ref><ref>Internationale Archäologie, Apollon Delphinios – Apollon Didymeus: Zwei Gesichter eines milesischen Gottes und ihr Bezug zur Kolonisation Milets in archaischer Zeit, Alexander Herda, https://www.academia.edu/515462, page16, 2008, volume:Arbeitsgemeinschaft, Symposium, Tagung, Kongress. Band 11: Kult(ur)kontakte. Apollon in Milet/Didyma, Histria, Myus, Naukratis und auf Zypern. Akten des Table Ronde in Mainz vom 11.–12. März 2004, isbn:978-3-89646-441-5</ref><ref>DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo, http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/english/research/projects/damos/, University of Oslo. Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas, chapter:KN 842 E, https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/775, 15 December 2014, 15 December 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20161215135205/http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/english/research/projects/damos/</ref>、実際には「ハイペリオン」（[u]-pe-rjo-[ne]）とも読めることが示唆されている<ref>Felicia Logozzo , Paolo Poccetti, Ancient Greek Linguistics: New Approaches, Insights, Perspectives, 7 November 2017, Walter de Gruyter, pages644, isbn:9783110551754, https://books.google.com/books?id=llA_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA644</ref>。
The [[etymology]] of the name is uncertain. The spelling {{lang|grc|Ἀπόλλων}} ({{IPA-el|a.pól.lɔːn|pron}} in [[Attic Greek|Classical Attic]]) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the [[common era]], but the [[Dorians|Doric]] form, {{transliteration|grc|Apellon}} ({{lang|grc|Ἀπέλλων}}), is more archaic, as it is derived from an earlier {{lang|grc|*Ἀπέλjων}}. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month ''Apellaios'' ({{lang|grc|Ἀπελλαῖος}}),<ref name="DDD">{{cite book |last1=van der Toorn |first1=Karel |last2=Becking |first2=Bob |last3=van der Horst |first3=Pieter Willem |title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHgUAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA73 |year=1999 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-11119-6 |page=73}}</ref> and the offerings {{transliteration|grc|[[apellaia]]}} ({{lang|grc|ἀπελλαῖα}}) at the initiation of the young men during the family-festival {{transliteration|grc|apellai}} ({{lang|grc|ἀπέλλαι}}).<ref>"The young men became grown-up {{transliteration|grc|[[kouros|kouroi]]}}, and Apollon was the {{transliteration|grc|megistos kouros}} (The Great Kouros) : Jane Ellen Harrison (2010): ''Themis: A study to the Social origins of Greek Religion'' Cambridge University Press. pp. 439–441, {{ISBN|1108009492}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Leiden |first1=E. J. |title=Visible Religion. Volume IV–V. Approaches to Iconology |date=1985 |publisher=Brill |pages=143 |isbn=9004077723 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UesUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA143}}</ref> According to some scholars, the words are derived from the Doric word {{transliteration|grc|apella}} ({{lang|grc|ἀπέλλα}}), which originally meant "wall," "fence for animals" and later "assembly within the limits of the square."<ref name=Nilsson556>The word usually appears in plural: [[Hesychius of Alexandria|Hesychius]]: {{lang|grc|ἀπέλλαι}} ({{transliteration|grc|apellai}}), {{lang|grc|σηκοί}} ("folds"), {{lang|grc|ἐκκλησίαι}} ("assemblies"), {{lang|grc|ἀρχαιρεσίαι}} ("elections"): Nilsson, Vol. I, p. 556</ref><ref>Doric Greek verb: {{lang|grc|ἀπέλλάζειν}} ("to assemble"), and the festival {{lang|grc|ἀπέλλαι}} {{transliteration|grc|apellai}}), which surely belonged to Apollo. Nilsson, Vol I, p. 556.</ref> [[Apella]] ({{lang|grc|Ἀπέλλα}}) is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta,<ref name=Nilsson556/> corresponding to the {{transliteration|grc|[[Ecclesia (ancient Athens)|ecclesia]]}} ({{lang|grc|ἐκκλησία}}). [[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]] rejected the connection of the theonym with the noun {{transliteration|grc|apellai}} and suggested a [[Pre-Greek]] proto-form *''Apal<sup>y</sup>un''.<ref>Beekes, 2009, pp. 115, 118–119.</ref>
