差分

過去に一部の研究者は、イシュタルをアムルゥに関連する西セム語のアティラート（アシェラ）のバビロニアにおける反映である小女神アシュラトゥと結び付けようとしたが<ref>Wiggins, 2007, p156</ref>、スティーブ・A・ウィギンズが実証したように、この説は根拠のないものであった<ref>Wiggins, 2007, p156</ref>。なぜなら、この2人が混同されていた、あるいは単に混同されていたという唯一の証拠は、イシュタルとアシュラトゥが同じ諡号を共有していたという事実であり[190]、しかし同じ諡号はマルドゥク、ニントゥル、ネガル、スエンにも適用されており<ref>Wiggins, 2007, p156</ref>、神名リストなどの資料にはさらなる証拠は見当たらなかったからだ<ref>Wiggins, 2007, p156-163</ref>。また、ウガリット語のイシュタルの同義語であるアスタルト（Ashtart）が、アモリ人によりアティラートと混同、混同された形跡はない<ref>Wiggins, 2007, p169</ref>。

=== Origin myths ===

The poem of ''Enki and the World Order'' ([[Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature|ETCSL]] [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section1/tr113.htm 1.1.3]) begins by describing the god [[Enki]] and his establishment of the cosmic organization of the universe.{{sfn|Kramer|1963|pages=172–174}} Towards the end of the poem, Inanna comes to Enki and complains that he has assigned a domain and special powers to all of the other gods except for her.{{sfn|Kramer|1963|page=174}} She declares that she has been treated unfairly.{{sfn|Kramer|1963|page=182}} Enki responds by telling her that she already has a domain and that he does not need to assign her one.{{sfn|Kramer|1963|page=183}}

The myth of "Inanna and the ''Huluppu'' Tree", found in the preamble to the epic of ''[[Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld]]'' (ETCSL [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section1/tr1814.htm 1.8.1.4]),{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=30}} centers around a young Inanna, not yet stable in her power.{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|page=141}}{{sfn|Pryke|2017|pages=153–154}} It begins with a ''huluppu'' tree, which Kramer identifies as possibly a [[willow]],{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=33}} growing on the banks of the river [[Euphrates]].{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=33}}{{sfn|Fontenrose|1980|page=172}} Inanna moves the tree to her garden in [[Uruk]] with the intention to carve it into a throne once it is fully grown.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=33}}{{sfn|Fontenrose|1980|page=172}} The tree grows and matures, but the serpent "who knows no charm", the ''[[Anzû (mythology)|Anzû]]''-bird, and ''Lilitu'' (Ki-Sikil-Lil-La-Ke in Sumerian),<ref>{{cite web |title=CDLI Tablet P346140 |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P346140 |website=cdli.ucla.edu}}</ref> seen by some as the Sumerian forerunner to the [[Lilith]] of Jewish folklore, all take up residence within the tree, causing Inanna to cry with sorrow.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=33}}{{sfn|Fontenrose|1980|page=172}} The hero [[Gilgamesh]], who, in this story, is portrayed as her brother, comes along and slays the serpent, causing the ''Anzû''-bird and Lilitu to flee.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|pages=33–34}}{{sfn|Fontenrose|1980|page=172}} Gilgamesh's companions chop down the tree and carve its wood into a bed and a throne, which they give to Inanna,{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|page=140}}{{sfn|Fontenrose|1980|page=172}} who fashions a ''pikku'' and a ''mikku'' (probably a drum and drumsticks respectively, although the exact identifications are uncertain),{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=34}} which she gives to Gilgamesh as a reward for his heroism.{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|page=9}}{{sfn|Fontenrose|1980|page=172}}