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→イコノグラフィー
== イコノグラフィー ==
=== シンボル ===
イナンナ/イシュタルの最も一般的なシンボルは8角形の星であった<ref>Black, Green, 1992, pp156, 169–170</ref>が、正確な点の数は時々異なる<ref>Liungman, 2004, page228</ref>。
Inanna/Ishtar's most common symbol was the eight-pointed star,{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|pp=156, 169–170}} though the exact number of points sometimes varies.{{sfn|Liungman|2004|page=228}} Six-pointed stars also occur frequently, but their symbolic meaning is unknown.{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|page=170}} The eight-pointed star seems to have originally borne a general association with the heavens,{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|pages=169–170}} but, by the [[First Babylonian dynasty|Old Babylonian Period]] ({{circa}} 1830 – {{circa}} 1531 BCE), it had come to be specifically associated with the planet [[Venus]], with which Ishtar was identified.{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|pages=169–170}} Starting during this same period, the star of Ishtar was normally enclosed within a circular disc.{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|page=170}} During later Babylonian times, slaves who worked in Ishtar's temples were sometimes branded with the seal of the eight-pointed star.{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|page=170}}{{sfn|Nemet-Nejat|1998|pages=193–194}} On [[kudurru|boundary stones]] and [[cylinder seals]], the eight-pointed star is sometimes shown alongside the [[crescent|crescent moon]], which was the symbol of [[Sin (mythology)|Sin]] (Sumerian Nanna) and the rayed [[solar symbol|solar disk]], which was a symbol of [[Shamash]] (Sumerian Utu).{{sfn|Liungman|2004|page=228}}
Inanna's [[cuneiform]] [[ideogram]] was a hook-shaped twisted knot of reeds, representing the doorpost of the storehouse, a common symbol of fertility and plenty.{{sfn|Jacobsen |1976}} The [[rosette (design)|rosette]] was another important symbol of Inanna, which continued to be used as a symbol of Ishtar after their syncretism.{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|page=156}} During the [[Neo-Assyrian Empire|Neo-Assyrian Period]] (911 – 609 BCE), the rosette may have actually eclipsed the eight-pointed star and become Ishtar's primary symbol.{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|pages=156–157}} The temple of Ishtar in the city of [[Aššur]] was adorned with numerous rosettes.{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|page=156}}
