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歴史家モーセス・ホレナツィのアルメニア史には、彼の誕生とドラゴン（ヴィシャップ）殺しの偉業を謳った歌が収録されている。<ref>[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Asia/Armenia/_Texts/KURARM/34*.html A History of Armenia] (Armenian Mythology) by Vahan M. Kurkjian. Published by the Armenian General Benevolent Union of America 1958/YR.</ref>
 
歴史家モーセス・ホレナツィのアルメニア史には、彼の誕生とドラゴン（ヴィシャップ）殺しの偉業を謳った歌が収録されている。<ref>[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Asia/Armenia/_Texts/KURARM/34*.html A History of Armenia] (Armenian Mythology) by Vahan M. Kurkjian. Published by the Armenian General Benevolent Union of America 1958/YR.</ref>
  
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== 参考文献 ==
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'''Vahagn''' or '''Vahakn''' ({{lang-hy|[[wikt:Վահագն|Վահագն]]}}), also known as '''Vahagn Vishapakagh''' ({{lang-hy|Վահագն Վիշապաքաղ|lit=Vahagn the Dragon-reaper|label=none}}), is a warrior god in [[Armenian mythology]].{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|p=6}} Scholars consider him to be either the thunder, or sun and fire god of the pre-Christian Armenian pantheon, as well as the god of war, bravery and victory.{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2002|p=36}}{{Sfn|Katvalyan|1985}} He formed a triad with [[Aramazd]] and [[Anahit]].{{Sfn|Russell|1987|p=192}} Vahagn is etymologically derived from ''*Varhraγn'', the [[Parthian language|Parthian]] name for the [[Indo-Iranians|Indo-Iranian]] god [[Verethragna]], although there are key differences between the two deities.{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2002|p=35}}
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Vahagn was worshipped at a tripartite temple complex together with his bride [[Astłik|Astghik]] and the goddess Anahit in the district of [[Taron (historic Armenia)|Taron]], on the slopes of a mountain called Karke near the settlement of [[Ashtishat]].{{Sfn|Katvalyan|1985}}{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|pp=6-7}}{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2018|p=207}} After Armenia came under [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] influence in antiquity, Vahagn was identified with the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] deity [[Heracles]], but also rarely with [[Apollo]].{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|p=6}}
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== Name ==
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The [[theonym]] Vahagn is cognates with [[Verethragna]], the name of the Indo-Iranian god of victory mentioned in [[Avesta]], as well as the [[Vedic Sanskrit|Vedic]] ''Vŗtrahan'', the usual epithet of the thunder god [[Indra]].{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|p=6}} It was borrowed into Armenian from [[Parthian language|Parthian]] ''*Varhraγn'' and developed from the earlier form ''*Varhagn''.{{Sfn|Ivanov|2011|p=8}} In the old [[Armenian calendar]], the twenty-seventh day of the month was called Vahagn.{{Sfn|Katvalyan|1985}} Additionally, the planet [[Mars]] was called ''Atraher'' ("fire-hair") by the ancient Armenians in reference to Vahagn.{{Sfn|Katvalyan|1985}} Today, Vahagn is used as a male given name among Armenians.
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== Historical attestations ==
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Vahagn is mentioned in a number of Classical Armenian written sources.{{Sfn|Russell|1987|p=192}} For example, in the history attributed to [[Agathangelos]], Armenian king [[Tiridates III of Armenia|Tiridates III]] evokes the triad of Aramazd, Anahit and Vahagn in a greeting to his people: "May health and prosperity come to you by the help of the gods, rich fullness from manly Aramazd, providence from Anahit the Lady, and bravery come to you from brave Vahagn."{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2018|p=206}}
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Historian [[Movses Khorenatsi]] refers to Vahagn as one of the sons of [[Tigranes (legendary)|Tigranes]] (a mythologized composite figure of several Armenian kings in Khorenatsi's history) and records the following song about him:{{Sfn|Thomson|1978|p=123}}{{sfn|Ivanov|2011|p=8}}
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{{verse transliteration-translation
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|lang=xcl
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|originalHeading = Original Classical Armenian
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|Երկնէր երկին, երկնէր երկիր,
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երկնէր և ծովն ծիրանի.
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երկն ի ծովուն ունէր և
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զկարմրիկն եղեգնիկ.
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ընդ եղեգան փող ծուխ ելանէր,
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ընդ եղեգան փող բոց ելանէր.
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և ի բոցոյն վազէր
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խարտեաշ պատանեկիկ.
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նա հուր հեր ունէր,
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… բոց ունէր մօրուս,
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և աչկունքն էին արեգակունք:
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|transliterationHeading = Transliteration
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|Erknēr erkin, erknēr erkir,
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erknēr ew covn cirani
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erkn i covown ownēr ew
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zkarmrikn ełegnikn.
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ənd ełegan p‛oł cowx ełanēr,
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ənd ełegan p‛oł boc‛ ełanēr,
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ew i boc‛oyn vazēr
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xarteaš patanekik.
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na howr her ownēr,
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… boc‛ ownēr mōrows,
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ew ač‛kownk‛n ēin aregakownk‛.
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|translationHeading = English translation
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|Heaven was in labor, earth was in labor,
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the purple sea was also in labor;
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in the sea labor pangs also held
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the little red reed.
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Along the reed-pipe smoke ascended,
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Along the reed-pipe flame ascended.
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And from the flame
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a red-headed young boy jumped out.
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He had (celestial) fire for hair,
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and had flame for beard,
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and his eyes were suns.}}
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Khorenatsi does not give the rest of the song, but states that it tells of how Vahagn fought and conquered [[Vishap|''vishap''s]], which are the [[Dragon|dragons]] of Armenian mythology.{{Sfn|Thomson|1978|p=123}} This attribute of Vahagn is the reason for his title ''vishapakagh'', meaning "reaper of ''vishap''s" or "dragon-reaper."{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|p=6}}
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The 7th-century Armenian author [[Anania Shirakatsi]] relates a myth where Vahagn steals some straw from Barsham (i.e., [[Baalshamin]]) and drops it on his way back, creating the [[Milky Way (mythology)|Milky Way]]. This is supposed to be the origin of one of the folk names of the Milky Way in Armenian, ''Hardagoghi chanaparh'', literally "the way of the straw-thief."{{Sfn|Abegi͡an|1948|p=32}}
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=== Temple ===
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The chief temple of Vahagn at [[Ashtishat]] on the slopes of Mount Karke was often called the Vahevanean or Vahevahean temple because its priests were members of the [[Vahevuni]] or Vahnuni noble house, who claimed descent from Vahagn.{{Sfn|Katvalyan|1985}} Vahagn was worshipped jointly at the temple together with Anahit and Astghik.{{Sfn|Katvalyan|1985}}{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|pp=6-7}}{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2018|p=207}} According to Agathangelos, after King [[Tiridates III of Armenia|Tiridates III's]] conversion to Christianity in the early fourth century, the first head of the Armenian Church [[Gregory the Illuminator]] went to Ashtishat and destroyed the temple of Vahagn.{{Sfn|Russell|1987|pp=192-193}}{{Sfn|Katvalyan|1985}} A church was constructed on the site of the destroyed temple, which became the first Mother See of the [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Church]].{{Sfn|Russell|1987|pp=192-193}}{{Sfn|Katvalyan|1985}}
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== Interpretations and comparative mythology ==
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[[Georges Dumézil]] noted that Vahagn seems closer to the Vedic Vŗtrahan Indra than the Avestan Verethragna, since the former is depicted as a dragon/serpent-slayer like Vahagn, while the latter is not.{{Sfn|Dumézil|1970|p=123}} Vahagn has frequently been regarded as a counterpart of Indra, but Armen Petrosyan considers the similarities between the two to be underlying Indo-European commonalities rather than the result of direct borrowing, since in that case the dissimilarity with Verethragna would be inexplicable.{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|p=6}}{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2018|pp=211-212}} Philologist [[Vyacheslav Ivanov (philologist)|Vyacheslav Ivanov]] considered the Song of Vahagn recorded by Khorenatsi to be "one of the striking examples of [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] poetry."{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2018|p=211}} In Ivanov's view, the myth of Vahagn contains several layers, including the later Iranian myth of Verethragna and an earlier Indo-European layer of a god persecuting the enemy.{{Sfn|Ivanov|2011|p=9}} Armen Petrosyan considers Vahagn to be a pre-Iranian Armenian god who took on an Iranian name, rather than a complete borrowing.{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2018|p=211}} Petrosyan has also drawn parallels between Vahagn and the Vedic fire deity [[Agni]], based on similarities in the accounts of their birth.{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|p=6}} Vahagn may have acquired his attribute of dragon-slayer from the Hurro-Urartian deity [[Teshub]].{{Sfn|Russell|1986}}
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Vahagn was identified with [[Heracles]] during the [[Hellenistic period]].{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2018|p=207}} In the 5th-century Armenian translation of the Bible, Vahagn is used to translate Heracles in [[2 Maccabees]] 4:19, while Khorenatsi states that the song of Vahagn tells of heroic deeds reminiscent of Heracles.{{Sfn|Russell|1987|p=196}} More rarely, he was identified with the sun god [[Apollo]].{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|p=6}} [[John the Baptist]] has been called the "Christian heir of Vahagn's character," as a church dedicated to him was built near the demolished temple of Vahagn.{{Sfn|Petrosyan|2007|p=6}}
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== Bibliography ==
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*{{Cite book |last=Abegi͡an |first=Manuk |url=http://serials.flib.sci.am/Founders/Abexyan-ist.drevn.lit/book/content.html |title=Istorii͡a drevnearmi͡anskoĭ literatury |publisher=[[Armenian National Academy of Sciences|Izd.-vo Akedemii nauk Arm. SSR]] |year=1948 |location=Erevan |language=ru |trans-title=History of Old Armenian Literature |author-link=Manuk Abeghian}}
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*{{Cite book |last=Dumézil |first=George |title=The Destiny of the Warrior |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1970 |translator-last=Hiltebeitel |translator-first=Alf |author-link=Georges Dumézil}}
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*{{cite journal |url=http://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20AMSAGIR/Aramazd/2011(1).pdf |first=Vyacheslav |last=Ivanov |author-link=Vyacheslav Ivanov (philologist) |year=2011 |title=A Probable Structure of a Protoform of the Ancient Armenian Song of Vahagn |journal=Aramazd: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=6 |pages=7–23 |issn=1829-1376}}
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*{{Cite encyclopedia |year=1985 |title=Vahagn |encyclopedia=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]] |location=Yerevan |url=https://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6_(Soviet_Armenian_Encyclopedia)_11.djvu/242 |last=Katvalyan |first=M. |editor-last=Hambardzumyan |editor-first=Viktor |volume=11 |pages=242 |language=hy}}
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*{{cite book |last1=Thomson |first=Robert W. |title=''Moses Khorenatsʻi'', History of the Armenians |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1978 |isbn=0-674-39571-9 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |author1-link=Movses Khorenatsi |author2-link=Robert W. Thomson}}
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*{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/37531134 |first=Armen |last=Petrosyan |year=2018 |title=From Armenian Demonology: the K'ajs |journal=Journal of Indo-European Studies |volume=46 |pages=206–218 |issn=0092-2323}}
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*{{cite journal |first=Armen |last=Petrosyan |year=2007 |title=State Pantheon of Greater Armenia: Earliest Sources |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357831679_STATE_PANTHEON_OF_GREATER_ARMENIA_EARLIEST_SOURCES |journal=Aramazd: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=2 |pages=174–201 |issn=1829-1376}}
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*{{cite book |title=The Indo‑european and Ancient Near Eastern Sources of the Armenian Epic |url=https://www.academia.edu/3656244 |first=Armen |last=Petrosyan |publisher=Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man |year=2002 |isbn=9780941694810}}
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*{{Cite book |last=Russell |first=James R. |title=Zoroastrianism in Armenia |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1987 |isbn=0-674-96850-6 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}
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*{{Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=2|fascicle=4|article=ARMENIA AND IRAN iii. Armenian Religion|year=1986|first=J. R.|last=Russell|pages=438–434|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/armenia-iii}}
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==Further reading==
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{{Commons category}}
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* [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Asia/Armenia/_Texts/KURARM/34*.html A History of Armenia] (Armenian Mythology) by Vahan M. Kurkjian. Published by the Armenian General Benevolent Union of America 1958/YR.
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== See also ==
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*[[Astłik]]
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*[[Hayk]]
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== 参照 ==
 
<references />
 
<references />
  
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[[Category:太陽神]]
 
[[Category:太陽神]]
 
[[Category:火神]]
 
[[Category:火神]]
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[[Category:雷神]]
 
[[Category:軍神]]
 
[[Category:軍神]]

2023年1月4日 (水) 19:18時点における版

ヴァハグン（Վահագն、Vahagn Vishapakagh＝ヴィシャップ殺しのヴァハグン、ヴァハクン）は、アルメニアに古代から語り継がれる太陽と火と戦いの神である。ある時から、彼の存在はアラマズドとアナヒットとトライアドを結成する。ギリシャのヘーラクレースやイラン神話のウルスラグナと同一視されている。

エウヘメリズム信仰では、全ての神は元は人間であり、ヴァハグンも同様に紀元前6世紀のエルワンド王の息子でバブとティランの兄弟、アルメニアの王位継承者として記録されている。

歴史家モーセス・ホレナツィのアルメニア史には、彼の誕生とドラゴン（ヴィシャップ）殺しの偉業を謳った歌が収録されている。[1]


Vahagn or Vahakn (テンプレート:Lang-hy), also known as Vahagn Vishapakagh (テンプレート:Lang-hy), is a warrior god in Armenian mythology.テンプレート:Sfn Scholars consider him to be either the thunder, or sun and fire god of the pre-Christian Armenian pantheon, as well as the god of war, bravery and victory.テンプレート:Sfnテンプレート:Sfn He formed a triad with Aramazd and Anahit.テンプレート:Sfn Vahagn is etymologically derived from *Varhraγn, the Parthian name for the Indo-Iranian god Verethragna, although there are key differences between the two deities.テンプレート:Sfn

Vahagn was worshipped at a tripartite temple complex together with his bride Astghik and the goddess Anahit in the district of Taron, on the slopes of a mountain called Karke near the settlement of Ashtishat.テンプレート:Sfnテンプレート:Sfnテンプレート:Sfn After Armenia came under Hellenistic influence in antiquity, Vahagn was identified with the Greek deity Heracles, but also rarely with Apollo.テンプレート:Sfn

Name

The theonym Vahagn is cognates with Verethragna, the name of the Indo-Iranian god of victory mentioned in Avesta, as well as the Vedic Vŗtrahan, the usual epithet of the thunder god Indra.テンプレート:Sfn It was borrowed into Armenian from Parthian *Varhraγn and developed from the earlier form *Varhagn.テンプレート:Sfn In the old Armenian calendar, the twenty-seventh day of the month was called Vahagn.テンプレート:Sfn Additionally, the planet Mars was called Atraher ("fire-hair") by the ancient Armenians in reference to Vahagn.テンプレート:Sfn Today, Vahagn is used as a male given name among Armenians.

Historical attestations

Vahagn is mentioned in a number of Classical Armenian written sources.テンプレート:Sfn For example, in the history attributed to Agathangelos, Armenian king Tiridates III evokes the triad of Aramazd, Anahit and Vahagn in a greeting to his people: "May health and prosperity come to you by the help of the gods, rich fullness from manly Aramazd, providence from Anahit the Lady, and bravery come to you from brave Vahagn."テンプレート:Sfn

Historian Movses Khorenatsi refers to Vahagn as one of the sons of Tigranes (a mythologized composite figure of several Armenian kings in Khorenatsi's history) and records the following song about him:テンプレート:Sfnテンプレート:Sfn

テンプレート:Verse transliteration-translation

Khorenatsi does not give the rest of the song, but states that it tells of how Vahagn fought and conquered vishaps, which are the dragons of Armenian mythology.テンプレート:Sfn This attribute of Vahagn is the reason for his title vishapakagh, meaning "reaper of vishaps" or "dragon-reaper."テンプレート:Sfn

The 7th-century Armenian author Anania Shirakatsi relates a myth where Vahagn steals some straw from Barsham (i.e., Baalshamin) and drops it on his way back, creating the Milky Way. This is supposed to be the origin of one of the folk names of the Milky Way in Armenian, Hardagoghi chanaparh, literally "the way of the straw-thief."テンプレート:Sfn

Temple

The chief temple of Vahagn at Ashtishat on the slopes of Mount Karke was often called the Vahevanean or Vahevahean temple because its priests were members of the Vahevuni or Vahnuni noble house, who claimed descent from Vahagn.テンプレート:Sfn Vahagn was worshipped jointly at the temple together with Anahit and Astghik.テンプレート:Sfnテンプレート:Sfnテンプレート:Sfn According to Agathangelos, after King Tiridates III's conversion to Christianity in the early fourth century, the first head of the Armenian Church Gregory the Illuminator went to Ashtishat and destroyed the temple of Vahagn.テンプレート:Sfnテンプレート:Sfn A church was constructed on the site of the destroyed temple, which became the first Mother See of the Armenian Church.テンプレート:Sfnテンプレート:Sfn

Interpretations and comparative mythology

Georges Dumézil noted that Vahagn seems closer to the Vedic Vŗtrahan Indra than the Avestan Verethragna, since the former is depicted as a dragon/serpent-slayer like Vahagn, while the latter is not.テンプレート:Sfn Vahagn has frequently been regarded as a counterpart of Indra, but Armen Petrosyan considers the similarities between the two to be underlying Indo-European commonalities rather than the result of direct borrowing, since in that case the dissimilarity with Verethragna would be inexplicable.テンプレート:Sfnテンプレート:Sfn Philologist Vyacheslav Ivanov considered the Song of Vahagn recorded by Khorenatsi to be "one of the striking examples of Indo-European poetry."テンプレート:Sfn In Ivanov's view, the myth of Vahagn contains several layers, including the later Iranian myth of Verethragna and an earlier Indo-European layer of a god persecuting the enemy.テンプレート:Sfn Armen Petrosyan considers Vahagn to be a pre-Iranian Armenian god who took on an Iranian name, rather than a complete borrowing.テンプレート:Sfn Petrosyan has also drawn parallels between Vahagn and the Vedic fire deity Agni, based on similarities in the accounts of their birth.テンプレート:Sfn Vahagn may have acquired his attribute of dragon-slayer from the Hurro-Urartian deity Teshub.テンプレート:Sfn

Vahagn was identified with Heracles during the Hellenistic period.テンプレート:Sfn In the 5th-century Armenian translation of the Bible, Vahagn is used to translate Heracles in 2 Maccabees 4:19, while Khorenatsi states that the song of Vahagn tells of heroic deeds reminiscent of Heracles.テンプレート:Sfn More rarely, he was identified with the sun god Apollo.テンプレート:Sfn John the Baptist has been called the "Christian heir of Vahagn's character," as a church dedicated to him was built near the demolished temple of Vahagn.テンプレート:Sfn


Bibliography

Further reading

テンプレート:Commons category

  • A History of Armenia (Armenian Mythology) by Vahan M. Kurkjian. Published by the Armenian General Benevolent Union of America 1958/YR.

See also

参照

  1. ↑ A History of Armenia (Armenian Mythology) by Vahan M. Kurkjian. Published by the Armenian General Benevolent Union of America 1958/YR.
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