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'''ディヴ'''（Persian: Dīv: دیو）とは、中東の伝承の中の怪物である<ref>Friedl, E. (2020). Religion and Daily Life in the Mountains of Iran: Theology, Saints, People. Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 85</ref>。ディヴの多くはペルシャ神話に由来し、イスラム教と融合して、アルメニア、トルコ<ref>Karakurt, Deniz, 2011, Türk Söylence Sözlüğü, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/TurkSoylenceSozlugu.pdf , Turkish Mythological Dictionary, page= 90, isbn=9786055618032 (OTRS: CC BY-SA 3.0)</ref>、アルバニアなどの周辺文化に広がった<ref>Elsie, Robert, 2007, Albanian Tales , https://books.google.com/books?id=w9KEk9wQPjkC&pg=PA24 , Haase, Donald , The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales , volume=1: ''A–F'' ,  =Westport, Conn., Greenwood Publishing Group, page=24 , isbn=9780313049477 , oclc=1063874626</ref>。
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'''ディヴ'''（Persian: Dīv: دیو）とは、中東の伝承の中の怪物である<ref>Friedl, E. (2020). Religion and Daily Life in the Mountains of Iran: Theology, Saints, People. Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 85</ref>。ディヴの多くはペルシャ神話に由来し、イスラム教と融合して、アルメニア、トルコ<ref>Karakurt, Deniz, 2011, Türk Söylence Sözlüğü, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/TurkSoylenceSozlugu.pdf , Turkish Mythological Dictionary, page= 90, isbn=9786055618032 (OTRS: CC BY-SA 3.0)</ref>、アルバニアなどの周辺文化に広がった<ref>Elsie, Robert, 2007, Albanian Tales , https://books.google.com/books?id=w9KEk9wQPjkC&pg=PA24 , Haase, Donald , The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales , volume=1: ''A–F'' ,  =Westport, Conn., Greenwood Publishing Group, page=24 , isbn=9780313049477 , oclc=1063874626</ref>。イスラム教の正典には明記されていないが、他の超自然的な生き物と同じように、多くのイスラム教徒にその存在が受け入れられてきていた<ref>Tobias Nünlist Dämonenglaube im Islam Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015 ISBN 978-3-110-33168-4 p. 34 (German)</ref>。
  
  
  
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Although they are not explicitly mentioned within canonical Islamic scriptures, their existence was well accepted by most [[Classical Islam|Muslims]] just like that of other supernatural creatures.<ref>Tobias Nünlist Dämonenglaube im Islam Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015 ISBN 978-3-110-33168-4 p. 34 (German)</ref> They are described as having a body like that of a human, only of gigantic size, with two horns upon their heads and teeth like the [[tusk]]s of a [[Wild boar|boar]]. Powerful, cruel and cold-hearted they have a particular relish for the taste of human flesh.<ref>Seyed Reza Ebrahimi1 and Elnaz Valaei Bakhshayesh ''Manifestation of Evil in Persian Mythology from the Perspective of the Zoroastrian Religion'' p. 7</ref> Some use only primitive weapons, such as stones: others, more sophisticated, are equipped like warriors, wearing [[armour]] and using weapons of metal. Despite their uncouth appearance - and in addition to their great physical strength - many are also masters of [[Magic (supernatural)|sorcery]], capable of overcoming their enemies by magic and afflicting them with [[nightmare]]s.<ref name="Encyclopædia Iranica">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=DĪV |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/div |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |date=28 November 2011 |orig-year=15 December 1995 |volume=VII, Fasc. 4 |pages=428–431 |access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref>
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They are described as having a body like that of a human, only of gigantic size, with two horns upon their heads and teeth like the [[tusk]]s of a [[Wild boar|boar]]. Powerful, cruel and cold-hearted they have a particular relish for the taste of human flesh.<ref>Seyed Reza Ebrahimi1 and Elnaz Valaei Bakhshayesh ''Manifestation of Evil in Persian Mythology from the Perspective of the Zoroastrian Religion'' p. 7</ref> Some use only primitive weapons, such as stones: others, more sophisticated, are equipped like warriors, wearing [[armour]] and using weapons of metal. Despite their uncouth appearance - and in addition to their great physical strength - many are also masters of [[Magic (supernatural)|sorcery]], capable of overcoming their enemies by magic and afflicting them with [[nightmare]]s.<ref name="Encyclopædia Iranica">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=DĪV |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/div |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |date=28 November 2011 |orig-year=15 December 1995 |volume=VII, Fasc. 4 |pages=428–431 |access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref>
  
 
Their origin is disputed, although it may lie in the [[Vedas|Vedic]] deities ([[Deva (disambiguation)#Religion|deva]]s) who were later demonized in Persian religion (see ''[[daeva]]''). In [[Ferdowsi]]'s tenth-century ''[[Shahnameh]]'', they are already the evil entities endowed with roughly human shape and supernatural powers familiar from later folklore, in which the ''divs'' are described as ugly demons with supernatural strength and power, who, nonetheless, may sometimes be subdued and forced to do the bidding of a sorcerer.
 
Their origin is disputed, although it may lie in the [[Vedas|Vedic]] deities ([[Deva (disambiguation)#Religion|deva]]s) who were later demonized in Persian religion (see ''[[daeva]]''). In [[Ferdowsi]]'s tenth-century ''[[Shahnameh]]'', they are already the evil entities endowed with roughly human shape and supernatural powers familiar from later folklore, in which the ''divs'' are described as ugly demons with supernatural strength and power, who, nonetheless, may sometimes be subdued and forced to do the bidding of a sorcerer.

2022年3月9日 (水) 12:31時点における版

ディヴ（Persian: Dīv: دیو）とは、中東の伝承の中の怪物である[1]。ディヴの多くはペルシャ神話に由来し、イスラム教と融合して、アルメニア、トルコ[2]、アルバニアなどの周辺文化に広がった[3]。イスラム教の正典には明記されていないが、他の超自然的な生き物と同じように、多くのイスラム教徒にその存在が受け入れられてきていた[4]。


They are described as having a body like that of a human, only of gigantic size, with two horns upon their heads and teeth like the tusks of a boar. Powerful, cruel and cold-hearted they have a particular relish for the taste of human flesh.[5] Some use only primitive weapons, such as stones: others, more sophisticated, are equipped like warriors, wearing armour and using weapons of metal. Despite their uncouth appearance - and in addition to their great physical strength - many are also masters of sorcery, capable of overcoming their enemies by magic and afflicting them with nightmares.[6]

Their origin is disputed, although it may lie in the Vedic deities (devas) who were later demonized in Persian religion (see daeva). In Ferdowsi's tenth-century Shahnameh, they are already the evil entities endowed with roughly human shape and supernatural powers familiar from later folklore, in which the divs are described as ugly demons with supernatural strength and power, who, nonetheless, may sometimes be subdued and forced to do the bidding of a sorcerer.

参照

  1. ↑ Friedl, E. (2020). Religion and Daily Life in the Mountains of Iran: Theology, Saints, People. Vereinigtes Königreich: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 85
  2. ↑ Karakurt, Deniz, 2011, Türk Söylence Sözlüğü, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/TurkSoylenceSozlugu.pdf , Turkish Mythological Dictionary, page= 90, isbn=9786055618032 (OTRS: CC BY-SA 3.0)
  3. ↑ Elsie, Robert, 2007, Albanian Tales , https://books.google.com/books?id=w9KEk9wQPjkC&pg=PA24 , Haase, Donald , The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales , volume=1: A–F , =Westport, Conn., Greenwood Publishing Group, page=24 , isbn=9780313049477 , oclc=1063874626
  4. ↑ Tobias Nünlist Dämonenglaube im Islam Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015 ISBN 978-3-110-33168-4 p. 34 (German)
  5. ↑ Seyed Reza Ebrahimi1 and Elnaz Valaei Bakhshayesh Manifestation of Evil in Persian Mythology from the Perspective of the Zoroastrian Religion p. 7
  6. ↑ テンプレート:Cite encyclopedia
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