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[[File:Heracura.jpg|thumb|Figurine dating from the 2nd or 3rd century A. D. found in Stuttgart, Germany]]
 
[[File:Heracura.jpg|thumb|Figurine dating from the 2nd or 3rd century A. D. found in Stuttgart, Germany]]
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'''エレクラ'''（Erecura または Aerecura、/ɛrɪ (Herecura または Eracura とも)）<ref>Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl. ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.'' Paris: Editions Errance, 2001., ISBN:2-87772-200-7. pp. 18, 40, 45.</ref>は古代に崇拝された女神で、しばしばケルト人由来と考えられており、主にプロセルピナのように表され、スルツバッハの祭壇に見られるようにローマの地下世界の神ディス・ピター（Dis Pater）と関連付けられている<ref name="beck136">Beck(2009), p. 136.</ref>。エレクラはスイスのオーバーゼーバッハで発見された像や、オーストリアのいくつかの魔術書にディス・パテルとともに登場し、ケルベロスとともに、またオグミオスとともに登場することもあるようだ<ref>Egger (1962-63), I.84-85; I.276-79; II.24-33.</ref>。また、ドイツのシュトゥットガルトの近くでも、彼女への碑文が発見されている。神々の象徴のほか、豊穣の象徴であるコルヌコピアやリンゴの籠などとともに描かれることが多い<ref name="lendering"/>。エレクラはギリシャ神話のヘカテーに似ているとされ、2人の女神の名前も似ている<ref>P. Monaghan ''The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore'' New York: Facts On File, Inc, 2004. ISBN:0-8160-4524-0, p. 4.</ref>。エレクラはカンシュタット<ref name="beck135"/>やスルツバッハ<ref name="beck136"/>で描かれた作品では、フルローブを着て果物の入った盆や籠を持ち、座った姿勢で描かれている。
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'''エレクラ'''（Erecura または Aerecura、/ɛrɪ (Herecura または Eracura とも)）<ref>Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl. ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.'' Paris: Editions Errance, 2001., ISBN:2-87772-200-7. pp. 18, 40, 45.</ref>は古代に崇拝された女神で、しばしばケルト人由来と考えられており、主にプロセルピナのように表され、スルツバッハの祭壇に見られるようにローマの地下世界の神ディス・ピター（Dis Pater）と関連付けられている<ref name="beck136">Beck(2009), p. 136.</ref>。エレクラはスイスのオーバーゼーバッハで発見された像や、オーストリアのいくつかの魔術書にディス・パテルとともに登場し、ケルベロスとともに、またオグミオスとともに登場することもあるようだ<ref>Egger (1962-63), I.84-85; I.276-79; II.24-33.</ref>。また、ドイツのシュトゥットガルトの近くでも、彼女への碑文が発見されている。神々の象徴のほか、豊穣の象徴であるコルヌコピアやリンゴの籠などとともに描かれることが多い<ref name="lendering"/>。エレクラはギリシャ神話のヘカテーに似ているとされ、2人の女神の名前も似ている<ref>P. Monaghan ''The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore'' New York: Facts On File, Inc, 2004. ISBN:0-8160-4524-0, p. 4.</ref>。エレクラはカンシュタット<ref name="beck135"/>やスルツバッハ<ref name="beck136"/>で描かれた作品では、フルローブを着て果物の入った盆や籠を持ち、座った姿勢で描かれている。ミランダ・グリーンはエレクラを「ガリア人のヘクバ」と呼び<ref>Green (2004), p. 124.</ref>、ノエミー・ベックは彼女をディス・パテルと同じ冥界と豊穣の側面を持つ「地下世界の女神」として特徴づけている<ref>[[#green|Green]] (2004), p. 124.</ref>。
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'''Erecura''' or '''Aerecura''' {{IPAc-en|ɛ|r|ᵻ|ˈ|k|jʊər|ə}} (also found as ''Herecura'' or ''Eracura'') was a goddess worshipped in ancient times, often thought to be [[Celt]]ic in origin, mostly represented with the attributes of [[Proserpina]] and associated with the [[Roman mythology|Roman]] [[underworld]] god [[Dis Pater]], as on an altar from Sulzbach. She appears with Dis Pater in a statue found at [[Oberseebach]], [[Switzerland]], and in several magical texts from Austria, once in the company of [[Cerberus]] and once probably with [[Ogmios]]. A further inscription to her has been found near [[Stuttgart]], Germany. Besides her [[chthonic]] symbols, she is often depicted with such attributes of fertility as the [[cornucopia]] and apple baskets. She is believed to be similar to Greek [[Hecate]], while the two goddesses share similar names.  She is depicted in a seated posture, wearing a full robe and bearing trays or baskets of fruit, in depictions from Cannstatt<ref name="beck135"/> and Sulzbach.<ref name="beck136"/> Miranda Green calls Aericura a "[[Gaulish]] [[Hecuba]]",<ref>[[#green|Green]] (2004), p. 124.</ref> while Noémie Beck characterizes her as a "land-goddess" sharing both underworld and fertility aspects with Dis Pater.<ref name="beck137"/>
 
  
 
Representations of Erecura are most commonly found in the [[Danube|Danubian]] area of [[Southern Germany]] and [[Slovenia]], but they also occur in Italy, Great Britain, and France. Her inscriptions are concentrated in [[Stuttgart]] and along the [[Rhine]]. Several monuments in honour of Erecura occur in cemeteries or other funereal contexts.<ref name="beck137"/> [[Jona Lendering]] notes the similarity between her iconography and that of [[Nehalennia]], who was worshipped in [[Germania Inferior]],<ref name="lendering"/> while Beck sees no significant difference between her attributes and those of the [[Matres and Matronae]].<ref name="beck135"/> Geographically, the areas in which Erecura and Dis Pater were worshipped appear to be in complementary distribution with those where the cult of [[Sucellus]] and [[Nantosuelta]] is attested, and Beck suggests that these cults were functionally similar although iconographically distinct.<ref name="beck137">[[#beck|Beck]] (2009), p. 137.</ref>
 
Representations of Erecura are most commonly found in the [[Danube|Danubian]] area of [[Southern Germany]] and [[Slovenia]], but they also occur in Italy, Great Britain, and France. Her inscriptions are concentrated in [[Stuttgart]] and along the [[Rhine]]. Several monuments in honour of Erecura occur in cemeteries or other funereal contexts.<ref name="beck137"/> [[Jona Lendering]] notes the similarity between her iconography and that of [[Nehalennia]], who was worshipped in [[Germania Inferior]],<ref name="lendering"/> while Beck sees no significant difference between her attributes and those of the [[Matres and Matronae]].<ref name="beck135"/> Geographically, the areas in which Erecura and Dis Pater were worshipped appear to be in complementary distribution with those where the cult of [[Sucellus]] and [[Nantosuelta]] is attested, and Beck suggests that these cults were functionally similar although iconographically distinct.<ref name="beck137">[[#beck|Beck]] (2009), p. 137.</ref>

2022年11月24日 (木) 05:51時点における版

ファイル:Heracura.jpg
Figurine dating from the 2nd or 3rd century A. D. found in Stuttgart, Germany

エレクラ（Erecura または Aerecura、/ɛrɪ (Herecura または Eracura とも)）[1]は古代に崇拝された女神で、しばしばケルト人由来と考えられており、主にプロセルピナのように表され、スルツバッハの祭壇に見られるようにローマの地下世界の神ディス・ピター（Dis Pater）と関連付けられている[2]。エレクラはスイスのオーバーゼーバッハで発見された像や、オーストリアのいくつかの魔術書にディス・パテルとともに登場し、ケルベロスとともに、またオグミオスとともに登場することもあるようだ[3]。また、ドイツのシュトゥットガルトの近くでも、彼女への碑文が発見されている。神々の象徴のほか、豊穣の象徴であるコルヌコピアやリンゴの籠などとともに描かれることが多い[4]。エレクラはギリシャ神話のヘカテーに似ているとされ、2人の女神の名前も似ている[5]。エレクラはカンシュタット[6]やスルツバッハ[2]で描かれた作品では、フルローブを着て果物の入った盆や籠を持ち、座った姿勢で描かれている。ミランダ・グリーンはエレクラを「ガリア人のヘクバ」と呼び[7]、ノエミー・ベックは彼女をディス・パテルと同じ冥界と豊穣の側面を持つ「地下世界の女神」として特徴づけている[8]。



Representations of Erecura are most commonly found in the Danubian area of Southern Germany and Slovenia, but they also occur in Italy, Great Britain, and France. Her inscriptions are concentrated in Stuttgart and along the Rhine. Several monuments in honour of Erecura occur in cemeteries or other funereal contexts.[9] Jona Lendering notes the similarity between her iconography and that of Nehalennia, who was worshipped in Germania Inferior,[4] while Beck sees no significant difference between her attributes and those of the Matres and Matronae.[6] Geographically, the areas in which Erecura and Dis Pater were worshipped appear to be in complementary distribution with those where the cult of Sucellus and Nantosuelta is attested, and Beck suggests that these cults were functionally similar although iconographically distinct.[9]

A male deity called Arecurius or Aericurus is named on an altar-stone in Northumberland, England,[10] although Beck cautions that "this inscription is quite uncertain, and it might be a misreading of Mercurio".[6]

Etymology

The theonym is of unclear origin. It has been connected with Latin aes, aeris 'copper, bronze, money, wealth', era 'mistress' and the name of the Greek goddess Hera.[11] Many different Latinised forms of this goddess's name occur: Aeraecura at Perugia; Aerecura at Mainz, Xanten, Aquileia and Roşia Montană; Aericura at Sulzbach, Malsch, Eracura in Mautern, Austria, Ercura at Fliehburg, Erecura at Cannstatt and Belley in Aube; Heracura at Stockstadt am Rhein, Herecura at Cannstatt, Freinsheim and Rottenburg am Neckar, where the form Herequra is also found.[12]

The alternation between the initial H and A may be due to the letters' similar shape in the classical Latin capitals ordinarily used in epigraphic inscriptions in the Roman Empire,[13] particularly since less literate members of the Roman Empire’s community sometimes misinterpreted the phonemic value of a given letter.[14] A name of the form テンプレート:IPA or テンプレート:IPA appears to underlie the alternations Aeraecura ~ Aerecura ~ Aericura ~ Eracura ~ Ercura ~ Erecura ~ Heracura ~ Herecura ~ Herequra.

Though the goddess herself may be Celtic, it is open to question whether the name is of Celtic origin or even Indo-European. Lendering considers her cult to be of Illyrian origin, spreading from Aquileia and only reaching the Danubian and Rhenish border regions through the Roman troops deployed there.[4] Beck considers the name to be of Germanic origin.[6]

Bibliography

References

  • テンプレート:Anchor テンプレート:Cite thesis
  • Ellis, Peter Berresford, Dictionary of Celtic Mythology (Oxford Paperback Reference), Oxford University Press, (1994): ISBN 0-19-508961-8
  • テンプレート:Anchor Egger, Rudolf. Römische Antike und frühes Christentum: Ausgewählte Schriften von Rudolf Egger; Zur Vollendung seines 80. Lebensjahres, ed. Artur Betz and Gotbert Moro. 2 vols. Klagenfurt: Verlag des Geschichtsvereines für Kärnten, 1962–63. (LOC call number DB29.E29.)
  • テンプレート:Anchor Green, Miranda (2004). The gods of the Celts. Sparkford, UK: Sutton Publishing.
  • MacKillop, James. Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-19-280120-1.
  • Wood, Juliette, The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art, Thorsons Publishers (2002): ISBN 0-00-764059-5

External links

参照

  1. ↑ Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl. Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie. Paris: Editions Errance, 2001., ISBN:2-87772-200-7. pp. 18, 40, 45.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beck(2009), p. 136.
  3. ↑ Egger (1962-63), I.84-85; I.276-79; II.24-33.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Herecura.2014 - via {{{via}}}.
  5. ↑ P. Monaghan The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore New York: Facts On File, Inc, 2004. ISBN:0-8160-4524-0, p. 4.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Beck (2009), p. 135.
  7. ↑ Green (2004), p. 124.
  8. ↑ Green (2004), p. 124.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Beck (2009), p. 137.
  10. ↑ R.G. Collingwood and R.P. Wright. The Roman Inscriptions of Britain (RIB), Vol. 1: The Inscriptions on Stone. RIB 1123. See also the relevant page of roman-britain.org テンプレート:Webarchive.
  11. ↑ Egger (1962), I.84-85.
  12. ↑ Lajoye, Patrice; Inventaire des divinités celtiques de l’Antiquité, Caen: Société de Mythologie Française. Available at L’Arbre Celtique.
  13. ↑ Green (2004), pp. 120–121.
  14. ↑ This is also apparent in the inscriptions to Belatucadrus. Green (2004), p. 102.
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