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The Morrígan is often described as a [[Triple deity|trio]] of individuals, all sisters, called "the three Morrígna". Membership of the triad varies; sometimes it is given as [[Badb]], [[Macha]], and [[Nemain]] while elsewhere it is given as Badb, Macha, and [[Anu (Irish_goddess)|Anand]] (the latter is given as another name for the Morrígan). It is believed that these were all names for the same goddess. The three Morrígna are also named as sisters of the three land goddesses [[Ériu]], [[Banba]], and [[Fódla]]. The Morrígan is described as the envious wife of [[The Dagda]] and a shape-shifting goddess, while Badb and Nemain are said to be the wives of [[Neit]]. She is associated with the [[banshee]] of later folklore.{{sfn|Ó hÓgáin|1991|pp=307–309}} ==Etymology語源 ==
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モリガンは主に戦争と運命に関連しており、特に運命、死、または戦いの勝利を予言するものである。彼女は、しばしば烏、バドブとして登場する<ref name=":0">The Celtic Myths: A Guide to the Ancient Gods and Legends , Aldhouse-Green Miranda, Thames & Hudson, 2015, isbn:978-0-500-25209-3, New York, page125</ref>。モリガンは戦士を戦いに駆り立て、敵に勝利をもたらすことができる。モリガンは戦士に勇敢な行為を奨励し、敵に恐怖を与え、死を運命づけられた者の血に染まった服を洗う姿で描かれる<ref>Ó hÓgáin, 1991</ref><ref name=sessle>Sessle Erica J., 1994, Exploring the Limitations of the Sovereignty Goddess through the Role of Rhiannon , Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium, volume14, pages9–13, issn:1545-0155, jstor:20557270</ref>。モリガンは最も頻繁に戦闘と戦争の女神として見られるが、大地と君主の女神の現れとも見られ<ref>Ó hÓgáin, 1991, pp307–309</ref><ref name="Koch, John T. 2006">Koch, John T. ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia''. ABC-CLIO, 2006. p.1622</ref>、主に領土とその人々の守護神としての女神の役割を表している<ref name="lysaght">Lysaght Patricia, Traditions of the Banshee, Miranda Green, Sandra Billington, The Concept of the Goddess, Psychology Press, 1996, pages157–163</ref><ref name="tymoczko">Maria Tymoczko, The Irish Ulysses, University of California Press, 1994, pages=98–101</ref>。
モリガンは、しばしば「3人のモリガン」と呼ばれる3人組の姉妹で表現される<ref>Ó hÓgáin, 1991, pp307–309</ref><ref>Sjoestedt Marie-Louise, Celtic Gods and Heroes, 18 September 2000, Dover Publications, isbn:978-0-486-41441-6, pages31–32</ref><ref>Davidson Hilda Ellis, Myths and symbols in pagan Europe: early Scandinavian and Celtic religions, 1988, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, isbn:=978-0-8156-2441-7, pages97</ref>。バドブ、マハ、ネマイン<ref>MacKillop, 1998, pp335–336</ref>とされることもあれば、バドブ、マハ、アナンドとされることもある（後者はモリガンの別称とされる）<ref name="LGE-62,64">''[http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/lebor4.html Lebor Gabála Érenn §62, 64]: "Badb and Macha and Anand... were the three daughters of Ernmas the she-farmer." "Badb and Morrigu, whose name was Anand."</ref>。これらはすべて同じ女神の名前であったと考えられている<ref>Ó hÓgáin, 1991, pp307–309</ref><ref name="MacCana">Mac Cana Prionsias, http://www.ricorso.net/rx/library/criticism/classic/Celtiana/M-Cana_P/Celtic_Myth/3_Goddess.htm, The Goddesses of the Insular Celts, Celtic Mythology, Hamlyn, 1970</ref>。また、3人のモリグナは、3人の土地神エリウ、バンバ、フォドラの姉妹として名前が挙げられている。モリガンはダグダの嫉妬深い妻であり、変身する女神であるとされ<ref>[https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T106500D/text049.html ''The Metrical Dindsenchas''] "Odras" Poem 49</ref>、バドブとネマインはネイトの妻であるとされる<ref>Ó hÓgáin, 1991, pp307–309</ref>。後の民話に登場するバンシーと関連している<ref>Ó hÓgáin, 1991, pp307–309</ref>。
There is some disagreement over the meaning of the Morrígan's name. ''Mor'' may derive from an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] root connoting terror, monstrousness [[cognate]] with the [[Old English]] ''maere'' (which survives in the modern English word "nightmare") and the Scandinavian ''[[mare (folklore)|mara]]'' and the [[Old East Slavic]] "mara" ("nightmare");{{sfn|DIL|1990|pp=467–468}} while ''rígan'' translates as "queen".{{sfn|DIL|1990|p=507}}<ref name="maryjones.us">[https://www.maryjones.us/jce/morrigan.html Jones Celtic Encyclopedia Entry: ''Morrigan'']</ref> This etymological sequence can be reconstructed in the [[Proto-Celtic language]] as *''Moro-rīganī-s''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/institutes/sassi/spns/ProtoCelt.pdf |title=Proto-Celtic – English wordlist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041947/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/institutes/sassi/spns/ProtoCelt.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=nightmare |work=EtymologyOnline |title="nightmare"}}</ref> Accordingly, ''Morrígan'' is often translated as "Phantom Queen".<ref name="maryjones.us"/> This is the derivation generally favoured in current scholarship.{{sfn|Clark|1990}}
