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The cult of Inanna/Ishtar may have been introduced to the [[Kingdom of Judah]] during the reign of [[Manasseh of Judah|King Manasseh]] and, although Inanna herself is not directly mentioned in the [[Bible]] by name, the [[Old Testament]] contains numerous allusions to her cult. {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|7:18|9}} and {{bibleverse|Jeremiah|44:15-19|9}} mention "the Queen of Heaven", who is probably a syncretism of Inanna/Ishtar and the West Semitic goddess [[Astarte]]. Jeremiah states that the Queen of Heaven was worshipped by women who baked cakes for her.{{sfn|Ackerman|2006|pages=115–116}}
→後の影響
== 後の影響 ==
=== 古代において ===
イナンナ／イシュタル信仰はマナセ王の時代にユダ王国に伝わったと考えられ<ref>Pryke, 2017, page193</ref>、イナンナ自身の名前は聖書に直接出てこないものの<ref>Pryke, 2017, pages193, 195</ref>、旧約聖書には彼女の信仰に関する多くの暗示が含まれている<ref>Pryke, 2017, pages193–195</ref>。エレミヤ書7:18とエレミヤ書44:15-19には「天の女王」が登場するが、これはおそらくイナンナ/イシュタルと西セム語の女神アスタルテが習合したものであろう<ref>Pryke, 2017, page193</ref><ref>Breitenberger, 2007, page10</ref><ref>Smith, 2002, page182</ref><ref>Ackerman, 2006, pages116–117</ref>。エレミヤ書によると、天の女王は、彼女のためにケーキを焼く女性たちによって崇拝されていた<ref>Ackerman, 2006, pages115–116</ref>。
The [[Song of Songs]] bears strong similarities to the Sumerian love poems involving Inanna and Dumuzid,{{sfn|Pryke|2017|page=194}} particularly in its usage of natural symbolism to represent the lovers' physicality.{{sfn|Pryke|2017|page=194}} {{bibleverse|Song of Songs|6:10|9}} {{bibleverse|Ezekiel|8:14|9}} mentions Inanna's husband Dumuzid under his later East Semitic name [[Tammuz (mythology)|Tammuz]],{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|page=73}}{{sfn|Pryke|2017|page=195}}{{sfn|Warner|2016|page=211}} and describes a group of women mourning Tammuz's death while sitting near the north gate of the [[Temple in Jerusalem]].{{sfn|Pryke|2017|page=195}}{{sfn|Warner|2016|page=211}} [[Marina Warner]] (a literary critic rather than Assyriologist) claims that [[Early Christianity|early Christians]] in the Middle East assimilated elements of Ishtar into the cult of the [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]].{{sfn|Warner|2016|pages=210–212}} She argues that the Syrian writers [[Jacob of Serugh]] and [[Romanos the Melodist]] both wrote laments in which the Virgin Mary describes her compassion for [[Jesus|her son]] at the foot of the cross in deeply personal terms closely resembling Ishtar's laments over the death of Tammuz.{{sfn|Warner|2016|page=212}} However, broad comparisons between Tammuz and other dying gods are rooted in the work of [[James George Frazer]] and are regarded as a relic of less rigorous early 20th century Assyriology by more recent publications.{{sfn|Alster|2013|p=433-434}}
