15,557
回編集
差分
ナビゲーションに移動
検索に移動
→征服と庇護
『イナンナとエンキ』（[http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.3.1#%20t.1.3.1 ETCSL t.1.3.1]） はシュメール語で書かれた長編詩で、ウル第三王朝（紀元前2112年頃 - 紀元前2004年頃）のものと考えられる<ref>Leick, 1998, page90</ref>。イナンナが水と人間の文化の神エンキから聖なるメーを奪う物語が書かれている<ref>Kramer, 1961, page66</ref>。古代シュメール神話では、メーは人間の文明を存在させる神々に属する神聖な力、または財産とされていた<ref>Black, Green, 1992, page130</ref>。メーはそれぞれ、人間の文化の一面を体現している<ref>Black, Green, 1992, page130</ref>。その内容は多岐にわたり、真理、勝利、助言といった抽象的な概念から、文字や織物といった技術、さらには法律、祭司職、王権、売春といった社会的な構成要素も詩の中に挙げられている。メーは、文明のあらゆる面において、プラスとマイナスの両方の力を与えると信じられていた<ref>Kramer, 1961, page66</ref>。
神話では、イナンナは自分の住むウルクからエンキの住むエリドゥに行き、エンキの神殿であるアプスーを訪れた<ref>Kramer, 1961, page65</ref>。イナンナはエンキのサッカルであるイシムドに迎えられ、食べ物や飲み物を差し出される<ref>Kramer, 1961, pages65–66</ref><ref>Wolkstein, Kramer, 1983, pages13–14</ref>。 イナンナはエンキと飲み比べを始めた<ref>Kramer, 1961, page66</ref><ref>Wolkstein, Kramer, 1983, page14</ref>。
In the myth, Inanna travels from her own city of [[Uruk]] to Enki's city of [[Eridu]], where she visits his temple, the [[Abzu|E-Abzu]]. Inanna is greeted by Enki's ''sukkal'', [[Isimud]], who offers her food and drink. Inanna starts up a drinking competition with Enki.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=66}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|page=14}} Then, once Enki is thoroughly intoxicated, Inanna persuades him to give her the ''mes''.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=66}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|pages=14–20}} Inanna flees from Eridu in the Boat of Heaven, taking the ''mes'' back with her to Uruk.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|pages=66–67}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|page=20}} Enki wakes up to discover that the mes are gone and asks Isimud what has happened to them.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|pages=66–67}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|pages=20–21}} Isimud replies that Enki has given all of them to Inanna.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=67}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|page=21}} Enki becomes infuriated and sends multiple sets of fierce monsters after Inanna to take back the ''mes'' before she reaches the city of Uruk.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|pages=67–68}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|pages=20–24}} Inanna's ''sukkal'' [[Ninshubur]] fends off all of the monsters that Enki sends after them.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=68}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|pages=20–24}}{{sfn|Pryke|2017|page=94}} Through Ninshubur's aid, Inanna successfully manages to take the ''mes'' back with her to the city of Uruk.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=68}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|pages=24–25}} After Inanna escapes, Enki reconciles with her and bids her a positive farewell.{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|pages=26–27}} It is possible that this legend may represent a historic transfer of power from the city of [[Eridu]] to the city of [[Uruk]].{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}}{{sfn|Green|2003|page=74}} It is also possible that this legend may be a symbolic representation of Inanna's maturity and her readiness to become the [[Queen of Heaven (antiquity)|Queen of Heaven]].{{sfn|Wolkstein| Kramer|1983|page=146-150}}
The poem ''Inanna Takes Command of Heaven'' is an extremely fragmentary, but important, account of Inanna's conquest of the [[Eanna]] temple in Uruk.{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages=261–278}} It begins with a conversation between Inanna and her brother [[Utu]] in which Inanna laments that the Eanna temple is not within their domain and resolves to claim it as her own.{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages=261–278}} The text becomes increasingly fragmentary at this point in the narrative,{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}} but appears to describe her difficult passage through a marshland to reach the temple while a fisherman instructs her on which route is best to take.{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}} Ultimately, Inanna reaches her father [[Anu|An]], who is shocked by her arrogance, but nevertheless concedes that she has succeeded and that the temple is now her domain.{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}} The text ends with a hymn expounding Inanna's greatness.{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}} This myth may represent an eclipse in the authority of the priests of An in Uruk and a transfer of power to the priests of Inanna.{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}}
