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In the ''Theogony'', after Zeus defeats the Titans and banishes them to Tartarus, his rule is challenged by the monster [[Typhon]], a giant serpentine creature who battles Zeus for control of the cosmos. According to Hesiod, Typhon is the offspring of Gaia and [[Tartarus]], described as having a hundred snaky fire-breathing heads. Hesiod says he "would have come to reign over mortals and immortals" had it not been for Zeus noticing the monster and dispatching with him quickly: the two of them meet in a cataclysmic battle, before Zeus defeats him easily with his thunderbolt, and the creature is hurled down to Tartarus. [[Epimenides]] presents a different version, in which Typhon makes his way into Zeus's palace while he is sleeping, only for Zeus to wake and kill the monster with a thunderbolt. [[Aeschylus]] and [[Pindar]] give somewhat similar accounts to Hesiod, in that Zeus overcomes Typhon with relative ease, defeating him with his thunderbolt. Apollodorus, in contrast, provides a more complex narrative. Typhon is, similarly to in Hesiod, the child of Gaia and Tartarus, produced out of anger at Zeus's defeat of the Giants. The monster attacks heaven, and all of the gods, out of fear, transform into animals and flee to Egypt, except for Zeus, who attacks the monster with his thunderbolt and sickle. Typhon is wounded and retreats to Mount Kasios in Syria, where Zeus grapples with him, giving the monster a chance to wrap him in his coils, and rip out the sinews from his hands and feet. Disabled, Zeus is taken by Typhon to the [[Corycian Cave]] in Cilicia, where he is guarded by the "she-dragon" [[Delphyne]]. [[Hermes]] and [[Aegipan]], however, steal back Zeus's sinews, and refit them, reviving him and allowing him to return to the battle, pursuing Typhon, who flees to Mount Nysa; there, Typhon is given "ephemeral fruits" by the [[Moirai]], which reduce his strength. The monster then flees to Thrace, where he hurls mountains at Zeus, which are sent back at him by the god's thunderbolts, before, while fleeing to [[Sicily]], Zeus launches [[Mount Etna]] upon him, finally ending him. [[Nonnus]], who gives the most longest and most detailed account from antiquity, presents a narrative similar to Apollodorus, with differences such as that it is instead [[Cadmus]] and [[Pan (god)|Pan]] who recovers Zeus's sinews, by luring Typhon with music and then tricking him.<ref>Ogden, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA74 p. 74–5]; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA74 pp. 74–5]; Lane Fox, [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780679763864/page/287/mode/2up?view=theater p. 287]; Gantz, p. 50.</ref>
→権力への挑戦
宇宙の王となったゼウスは、すぐにその支配を脅かされることになる。ティターンはオリンポスの神々と戦い、「ギガントマキア」と呼ばれる戦いで、その力に挑戦してきた。ヘーシオドスによれば、ティターンはクロノスが父ウラヌスを去勢した際に地面に落ちた血の滴から生まれたガイアの子である<ref>Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA86 p. 86]; Hesiod, ''Theogony'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:173-206 183–7].</ref>が、『神統記』には神々と巨人の戦いについての記述はない<ref>Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA86 p. 86]; Gantz, p. 446.</ref>。 『ギガントマキア』について最も完全な記述をしたのはアポロドーロスである。ガイアは、ゼウスが自分の子供である巨人を幽閉したことに怒り、ウーラヌスに巨人を産み落としたと言うのだ<ref>Gantz, p. 449; Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA90 p. 90]; Apollodorus, [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.6.1 1.6.1].</ref>。巨人は神々だけでは倒せず、人間の力を借りなければ倒せないという予言が神々にもたらされる。これを聞いたガイアは、巨人を倒さない特別なファルマコン（薬草）を探すが、その薬草は巨人を倒してしまうことになる。しかし、ゼウスはエーオース（夜明け）、セレネー（月）、ヘーリオス（太陽）に光を止めるように命じ、自らすべての薬草を収穫し、アテーナーにヘーラークレースを召喚させる<ref>Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA89 p. 89]; Gantz, p. 449; Apollodorus, [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.6.1 1.6.1].</ref><ref group="私注">ゼウスに太陽や月の動きを統括できる能力がある、と考えられていたことが分かる。</ref>。しかし、ゼウスはポルピュリオーンにヘーラーへの欲望を抱かせ、ポルピュリオーンはヘーラーを犯そうとしたところをゼウスに雷で打たれ、ヘーラークレースには矢で致命傷を負わされてしまう<ref>Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA89 p. 89]; Gantz, p. 449; Salowey, p. 236; Apollodorus, [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.6.2 1.6.2]. Compare with Pindar, ''Pythian'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-eng1:8 8.12–8], who instead says that Porphyrion is killed by an arrow from Apollo.</ref><ref group="私注">[[射日神話]]的な展開といえる。</ref>。
『神統記』では、ゼウスがティターン族を倒してタルタロスへ追放した後、彼の支配に巨大な蛇のような怪物テューポーンが挑戦し、宇宙の支配権をめぐってゼウスと争うことになる。ヘーシオドスによれば、テューポーンはガイアとタルタロスの子であり<ref>Ogden, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA72 pp. 72–3]; Gantz, p. 48; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA71 p. 71]; Fowler, p. 27; Hesiod, ''Theogony'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:820-852 820–2]. According to Ogden, Gaia "produced him in revenge against Zeus for his destruction of ... the Titans". Contrastingly, according to the ''Homeric Hymn to Apollo'' (3), [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg003.perseus-eng1:305-348 305–55], ヘーラーは父親のいないテューポーンの母である。アテーナーを一人で産んだゼウスに腹を立てた彼女は、手で地面を叩き、ガイア、ウラヌス、ティターンにゼウスより強い子を授かるように祈り、その願いを受け、怪物テューポーンを産む。 (Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA72 p. 72]; Gantz, p. 49; Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA84 p. 84]); cf. Stesichorus [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/stesichorus_i-fragments/1991/pb_LCL476.167.xml fr. 239 Campbell, pp. 166, 167] [= ''PMG'' 239 (Page, p. 125) = ''Etymologicum Magnum'' 772.49] (see Gantz, p. 49).</ref><ref group="私注">テューポーンとは中国神話の[[共工]]、[[相柳]]に相当する神であると考える。</ref>、100の蛇のような火を噴く頭を持っていると描写されている<ref>Gantz, p. 49; Hesiod, ''Theogony'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:820-852 824–8].</ref>。ヘーシオドスは、ゼウスがこの怪物に気づいて素早く退治してくれなければ、「人間と不死人を支配するようになっていただろう」と言っている<ref>Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA71 p. 71]; Hesiod, ''Theogony'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:820-852 836–8].</ref>。2人は激動の戦いで出会い、ゼウスは雷で簡単に彼を倒し、怪物はタルタロスへ投げ落とされた<ref>Hesiod, ''Theogony'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:820-852 839–68]. According to Fowler, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA27 p. 27], the monster's easy defeat at the hands of Zeus is "in keeping with Hesiod's pervasive glorification of Zeus".</ref>。エピメニデスは、テューポーンがゼウスの宮殿に侵入したのはゼウスが眠っているときで、ゼウスが目を覚ますと雷で怪物を殺してしまうという別の説を紹介している<ref>Ogden, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA74 p. 74]; Gantz, p. 49; Epimenides ''FGrHist'' 457 F8 [= [https://books.google.com/books?id=j0nRE4C2WBgC&pg=PA97 fr. 10 Fowler, p. 97] = [https://archive.org/details/diefragmenteder02diel/page/190/mode/2up?view=theater fr. 8 Diels, p. 191]].</ref>。アエスキルスやピンダルは、ヘーシオドスと似たような説明をしている。ゼウスは、テューポーンを雷で比較的簡単に倒してしまうのだ<ref>Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA73 p. 73]; Aeschylus, ''Prometheus Bound'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-eng1:343-378 356–64]; Pindar, ''Olympian'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg002.perseus-eng1:8 8.16–7]; for a discussion of Aeschylus' and Pindar's accounts, see Gantz, p. 49.</ref>。これに対してアポロドーロスは、より複雑な物語を提供している<ref>Apollodorus, [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.6.3 1.6.3].</ref>。テューポーンは、ヘーシオドス同様、ガイアとタルタロスの子供で、ゼウスが巨人を倒したときの怒りから生み出されたものである<ref>Gantz, p. 50; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA73 p. 73].</ref>。怪物は天を襲い、神々は恐怖のあまり動物に変身してエジプトに逃げ込むが、ゼウスだけは雷と鎌で怪物に襲いかかった<ref>Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA84 p. 84]; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA73 p. 73]; Gantz, p. 50.</ref>。テューポーンは傷つき、シリアのカシオス山に退却し、ゼウスは彼と格闘し、怪物に巻きつき、手足から筋を引き抜く隙を与えた<ref>Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA84 p. 84]; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA73 p. 73].</ref>。傷ついたゼウスは、テューポーンによってキリキアのコリキア洞窟に連れて行かれ、そこで「女龍」デルピュネーに見張られた<ref>Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA73 p. 73]; Ogden, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA42 p. 42]; Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA84 p. 84].</ref>。しかし、ヘルメースとエーギパンはゼウスの筋を盗み、鍛え直してゼウスを蘇らせ、戦いに復帰させる。ニサ山へ逃げたテューポーンを追い、そこでテューポーンはモイライから「無常の果実（ephemeral fruits）」を与えられ、力を弱められる<ref>Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA84 p. 84–5]; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA73 p. 73–4].</ref>。その後、トラキアに逃れた怪物はゼウスに山を投げつけ、ゼウスはそれを雷で打ち返したが、シチリア島に逃げる途中、ゼウスはエトナ山を打ち上げて怪物にとどめを刺した<ref>Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA85 p. 85].</ref>。古代の最も長く、最も詳細な記録を残したノヌスは、アポロドーロスと同様の物語を提示するが、代わりにカドマスとパンが、音楽でテューポーンを誘い、彼をだましてゼウスの筋を回復させるなどの相違点がある<ref>Ogden, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA74 p. 74–5]; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA74 pp. 74–5]; Lane Fox, [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780679763864/page/287/mode/2up?view=theater p. 287]; Gantz, p. 50.</ref>。
In the ''Iliad'', Homer tells of another attempted overthrow, in which Hera, Poseidon, and Athena conspire to overpower Zeus and tie him in bonds. It is only because of the Nereid [[Thetis]], who summons Briareus, one of the [[Hecatoncheires]], to Olympus, that the other Olympians abandon their plans (out of fear for Briareus).<ref>Gantz, p. 59; Hard 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA82 p. 82]; [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.386-1.427 1.395–410].</ref>
