「Shams (deity)」を編集中

'''Shams''', also called or ''Shamsum'' or ''Dhat-Ba' dhanum'', is a [[sun goddess]] of [[Arabian mythology]]. She was the patron goddess of the [[Himyarite Kingdom]].<ref>[https://books.google.se/books?id=dbibAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&dq=shams+sun+goddess&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK-aCul-TZAhUBD5oKHRhGBegQ6AEITjAF#v=onepage&q=shams%20sun%20goddess&f=false ''Encyclopedia of World Religions''], Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2006</ref>  Her name meant shining, Sun, or brilliant. She was the South Arabian equivalent of the North Arabian sun goddess [[Nuha (deity)|Nuha]]. 

Prior to Islam, religion on the Arabian Peninsula focused on local gods, with every tribe and kingdom having their particular protective deities. However, there were also gods common for all Arabs, and the [[trinity]] of gods representing the Sun, the Moon and the planet Venus seem to have been worshipped throughout Arabia, though their names, gender and worship differed between regions.  Thus, Nuha was the name of the sun goddess in Northern Arabia, while the name of the sun goddess in Southern Arabia was Shams.  

As Nuha, Shams was also worshipped in a trinity alongside the male gods of the Moon and Venus.  In [[Sabaeans|Saba']], the sun goddess Shams was worshipped with the god of the planet Venus, [[Athtar]], and [[Almaqah]], the god of the Moon. In [[Hadhramaut]], Shams was worshipped with Athtar and the moon god [[Sin (mythology)|Syn]]. Shams was described as the spouse of Athtar. She was given votive offerings in the shape of horses.  

In Mesopotamia, Athtar was identified with the goddess [[Ishtar]], and Shams with the sun god [[Shamash]]. 

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:South Arabian - Stele with a Female Bust - Walters 2173.jpg|thumb|Sculpture of a [[Sabaeans|Sabaean]] priestess raising her hand to intercede with the [[Solar deity|sun goddess]] on behalf of a donor. Probably first century.
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[List of solar deities]]
* [[Utu]], also known as Shamash

== References ==
{{reflist}}

* [https://books.google.se/books?id=dbibAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&dq=shams+sun+goddess&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK-aCul-TZAhUBD5oKHRhGBegQ6AEITjAF#v=onepage&q=shams%20sun%20goddess&f=false ''Encyclopedia of World Religions''], Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2006
* Yoel Natan, ''[https://books.google.se/books?id=GB_R90_DlGEC&pg=PA342&dq=shams+sun+goddess&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK-aCul-TZAhUBD5oKHRhGBegQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=shams%20sun%20goddess&f=false Moon-o-theism, Volume I of II]''{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2021}}
* ''Tenri Journal of Religion'', Tenri University Press, 1975{{full citation needed|date=September 2021}}

[[Category:中東]]
[[Category:太陽女神]]