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During later times, while her cult in Uruk continued to flourish, Ishtar also became particularly worshipped in the [[Upper Mesopotamia]]n kingdom of [[Assyria]] (modern northern [[Iraq]], northeast [[Syria]] and southeast [[Turkey]]), especially in the cities of [[Nineveh]], [[Assur|Aššur]] and [[Erbil|Arbela]] (modern Erbil). During the reign of the Assyrian king [[Assurbanipal]], Ishtar rose to become the most important and widely venerated deity in the Assyrian pantheon, surpassing even the Assyrian national god [[Ashur (god)|Ashur]]. Votive objects found in her primary Assyrian temple indicate that she was a popular deity among women.{{sfn|Asher-Greve|Westenholz|2013|p=20}}
→信仰
古バビロニア時代には、前述のウルク、ザバラム、アガデのほか、イリプが主な信仰の中心地であった<ref>Asher-Greve, Westenholz, 2013, p79</ref>。また、彼女の信仰はウルクからキシュに伝わった<ref>Asher-Greve, Westenholz, 2013, p21</ref>。
後世、ウルクでの信仰が盛んになる一方で<ref>Black, Green, 1992, page99</ref>、上メソポタミア王国のアッシリア（現在のイラク北部、シリア北東部、トルコ南東部）、特にニネヴェ、アシュスール、アルベラ（現在のエルビル）でイシュタルの信仰が盛んになった<ref>Guirand, 1968, page58</ref>。アッシュールバニパル王の時代には、イシュタルはアッシリアの国神アシュールをも凌ぐ、アッシリアのパンテオンの中で最も重要で広く崇拝される神々に成長した<ref>Black, Green, 1992, page99</ref>。アッシリアの第一神殿で発見された奉納品から、彼女が女性の間で人気のある神であったことがわかる<ref>Asher-Greve, Westenholz, 2013, p20</ref>。
Individuals who went against the traditional [[gender binary]] were heavily involved in the cult of Inanna.{{sfn|Leick|2013|pages=157–158}} During Sumerian times, a set of priests known as ''[[gala (priests)|gala]]'' worked in Inanna's temples, where they performed elegies and lamentations.{{sfn|Leick|2013|page=285}} Men who became ''gala'' sometimes adopted female names and their songs were composed in the Sumerian ''[[Sumerian language#Dialects|eme-sal]]'' dialect, which, in literary texts, is normally reserved for the speech of female characters. Some Sumerian proverbs seem to suggest that ''gala'' had a reputation for engaging in [[anal sex]] with men.{{sfn|Roscoe|Murray|1997|page=65}} During the Akkadian Period, ''kurgarrū'' and ''assinnu'' were servants of Ishtar who [[cross-dressing|dressed in female clothing]] and performed war dances in Ishtar's temples.{{sfn|Roscoe|Murray|1997|pages=65–66}} Several Akkadian [[proverb]]s seem to suggest that they may have also had homosexual proclivities.{{sfn|Roscoe|Murray|1997|pages=65–66}} Gwendolyn Leick, an anthropologist known for her writings on Mesopotamia, has compared these individuals to the contemporary Indian ''[[Hijra (South Asia)|hijra]]''.{{sfn|Leick|2013|pages=158–163}} In one Akkadian hymn, Ishtar is described as transforming men into women.{{sfn|Roscoe|Murray|1997|page=66}}{{Sfn|Brandão|2019|p=63}}
