差分

[[File:Seal of Inanna, 2350-2150 BCE.jpeg|thumb|500px|両手に鎚矛を持ち、背中に翼の生えた天の女主人・イナンナ。<br />イナンナがライオンの背に足をかけ、その前にニンシュブルが立って敬意を表している様子を描いた古代アッカド語の円筒印章（紀元前2334年頃～2154年頃）<ref>Wolkstein, Kramer, 1983, pages92, 193</ref>]]

[[ファイル:Ishtar vase Louvre AO17000-detail.jpeg|thumb|right|250px|花瓶に描かれたイナンナ]]

'''イナンナ'''（シュメール語:𒀭𒈹、翻字] ^DINANNA、音声転写: Inanna）は、シュメール神話における[[金星]]、愛や美、戦い、豊穣の女神。別名[[イシュタル]]。ウルク文化期（紀元前4000年-紀元前3100年）からウルクの守護神として崇拝されていたことが知られている（[[エアンナ]]に祀られていた）。シンボルは[[藁|藁束]]と[[八芒星]]（もしくは十六芒星）。聖樹は[[アカシア]]、聖花は[[ギンバイカ]]、聖獣は[[ライオン]]。

== 語源 ==

Scholars believe that Inanna and Ishtar were originally separate, unrelated deities,{{sfnm|1a1=Leick|1y=1998|1p=87|2a1=Black|2a2=Green|2y=1992|2p=108|3a1=Wolkstein|3a2=Kramer|3y=1983|3p=xviii, xv|4a1=Collins|4y=1994|4p=110-111|5a1=Brandão|5y=2019|5p=43}} but were conflated with one another during the reign of [[Sargon of Akkad]] and came to be regarded as effectively the same goddess under two different names.{{sfnm|1a1=Leick|1y=1998|1p=87|2a1=Black|2a2=Green|2y=1992|2p=108|3a1=Wolkstein|3a2=Kramer|3y=1983|3p=xviii, xv|4a1=Collins|4y=1994|4p=110-111}}{{efn|With exception of [[#Akkadian_version|Ana Kurnugê, qaqqari la târi]] and [[#Epic_of_Gilgamesh|Sha naqba īmuru]] who use the name Ishtar, all others texts use the name/are about Inanna.{{sfn|Brandão|2019|p=65}}}} Inanna's name may derive from the [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] phrase ''nin-an-ak'', meaning "Lady of Heaven",{{sfn|Leick|1998|page=86}}{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}} but the cuneiform sign for ''Inanna'' ({{cuneiform|𒈹}}) is not a [[Typographic ligature|ligature]] of the signs ''lady'' ([[Sumerian language|Sumerian]]: [[EREŠ|nin]]; Cuneiform: {{cuneiform|𒊩𒌆}} SAL.TUG₂) and ''sky'' ([[Sumerian language|Sumerian]]: [[DINGIR|an]]; Cuneiform: {{cuneiform|𒀭}} AN).{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}}{{sfn|Leick|1998|page=86}}{{sfn|Wolkstein|Kramer|1983|pages=xiii–xix}} These difficulties led some early [[Assyriologists]] to suggest that Inanna may have originally been a [[Proto-Euphratean]] goddess, who was only later accepted into the [[Sumerian pantheon]]. This idea was supported by Inanna's youthfulness, as well as the fact that, unlike the other Sumerian divinities, she seems to have initially lacked a distinct sphere of responsibilities.{{sfn|Harris|1991|pages= 261–278}} The view that there was a Proto-Euphratean substrate language in Southern Iraq before Sumerian is not widely accepted by modern Assyriologists.{{sfn|Rubio|1999|pages=1–16}}