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*** {{aut|Hawkins, A.F.A. & Goodman, S.M.}} (2003) ''in'' {{aut|Goodman, S.M. & Benstead, J.P. (eds.)}}: ''The Natural History of Madagascar'': 1019–1044. University of Chicago Press.*** [[Ibn Batuta]], iv. 305ff*** [[Kazwini]], i. ~I9 seq.
*** {{aut|Pearson, Mike Parker & Godden, K.}} (2002). ''In search of the Red Slave: Shipwreck and Captivity in Madagascar''. Sutton Publishing, Stroud, Gloucestershire.
*** [[Friedrich Spiegel|Spiegel, Friedrich]], ''Eranische Alterthumskunde'', ii. 118.