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'''シュー'''（Shu）は、エジプト神話における大気の神。ヘリオポリス九柱神に数えられる。
'''Shu''' ([[Ancient Egyptian language|Egyptian]] ''šw'', "emptiness" or "he who rises up", {{lang-cop|Ϣⲟⲩ}}) was one of the primordial [[ancient Egyptian deities|Egyptian gods]], spouse and brother to the goddess [[Tefnut]], and one of the nine deities of the [[Ennead]] of the [[Heliopolis (Ancient Egypt)|Heliopolis]] cosmogony.<ref>{{cite web|last1=van Dijk|first1=Jacobus|title=Myth and mythmaking in ancient Egypt|url=http://jacobusvandijk.nl/docs/Myth.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313125634/http://www.jacobusvandijk.nl/docs/Myth.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-13 |url-status=live|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref> He was the god of peace, lions, air, and wind.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
==Family==
[[File:Tutankhamun headrest.jpg|thumbnail|Headrest with Shu, on the base, supporting the sky|alt=|left]]
In Heliopolitan theology, [[Atum]] created the first couple of the [[Ennead]], Shu and [[Tefnut]] by masturbating or by spitting. Shu was the father of [[Nut (goddess)|Nut]] and [[Geb]] and grandfather of [[Osiris]], [[Isis]], [[Set (mythology)|Set]], and [[Nephthys]]. His great-grandsons are [[Horus]] and [[Anubis]].
==Myths==
{{Ancient Egyptian religion}}
As the air, Shu was considered to be a cooling, and thus calming, influence, and pacifier. Due to the association with dry air, calm, and thus [[Ma'at]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lazaridis|first1=Nikolaos|title=Ethics|journal=UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology|date=2008|url=http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz000s3mhn|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> ([[truth]], justice, order, and balance), Shu was depicted as the dry air/atmosphere between the earth and sky, separating the two realms after the event of the First Occasion.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dunan|first1=Francoise|title=Gods and Men in Egypt|date=2004|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|location=Ithaca and London|isbn=978-0801488535|page=41|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Fe9yVzshx4C|access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref> Shu was also portrayed in art as wearing an [[ostrich]] [[feather]]. Shu was seen with between one and four feathers. The ostrich feather was symbolic of lightness and [[emptiness]]. [[Fog]] and [[cloud]]s were also Shu's elements and they were often called his [[bone]]s. Because of his position between the [[sky]] and [[earth]], he was also known as the [[wind]].<ref name="Egyptian Symbols">{{cite book |last=Owusu|first=Heike|title=Egyptian Symbols|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0bwmQZRTysC&q=shu+egyptian+god&pg=PA99|page=99|publisher=Sterling Publishing Co. Inc.|access-date=6 October 2014|isbn=9781402746239|year=2008}}</ref>
In a much later myth, representing a terrible weather disaster at the end of the [[Old Kingdom]], it was said that [[Tefnut]] and Shu once argued, and Tefnut left [[Egypt]] for [[Nubia]] (which was always more temperate). It was said that Shu quickly decided that he missed her, but she changed into a cat that destroyed any man or god that approached. [[Thoth]], disguised, eventually succeeded in convincing her to return.
The [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] associated Shu with [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]], the primordial [[Titan (mythology)|Titan]] who held up the [[celestial spheres]], as they are both depicted holding up the [[sky]].<ref name="A-Z">{{cite book |last=Remler|first=Pat|title=''Egyptian Mythology, A to Z''|publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLUjtPDyu-IC|page=24|year=2010|access-date=6 October 2014|isbn=9781438131801}}</ref>
According to the Heliopolitan cosmology, Shu and [[Tefnut]], the first pair of cosmic elements, created the [[sky goddess]], [[Nut (goddess)|Nut]], and the [[earth god]], [[Geb]]. Shu separated Nut from Geb as they were in the act of love, creating duality in the manifest world: above and below, light and dark, [[good and evil]]. Prior to their separation, however, Nut had given birth to the gods [[Isis]], [[Osiris]], [[Nephthys]] (Horus) and [[Set (Egyptian religion)|Set]].<ref name="Egyptian Symbols" /> The Egyptians believed that if Shu did not hold [[Nut (goddess)|Nut]] (sky) and [[Geb]] (earth) apart there would be no way for physically-manifest life to exist.
Shu is mostly represented as a [[man]]. Only in his function as a fighter and defender as the [[sun god]] and he sometimes receive a [[Lion|lion's]] head. He carries an [[ankh]], the [[symbol]] of [[life]].
==See also==
* [[Anhur#Sky Bearer|Anhur-Shu]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
* Hans Bonnet: ''Lexikon der ägyptischen Religionsgeschichte'', Berlin 2000, {{ISBN|3-937872-08-6}}, S. 685-689 → Shu
* [[Adolf Erman]]: ''Die Aegyptische Religion'', Verlag Georg Reimer, Berlin 1909
* [[Wolfgang Helck]]: ''Kleines Lexikon der Ägyptologie'', 1999 {{ISBN|3-447-04027-0}}, S. 269f. → Shu
* [[Francoise Dunand]] and Christiane Zivie-Coche: "Gods and Men in Egypt 3000 BCE to 395 CE", Cornell University Press 2005, {{ISBN|0-8014-8853-2}}
* [[Jacobus Van Dijk]], ''Myth and Mythmaking in Ancient Egypt'', ed. [[J.M. Sasson]], New York, Simon & Schuster, 1995.
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== 概要 ==
