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'''ティアマト'''（'''tiamat''', <small>𒀭𒋾𒊩𒆳</small>、<sup>dingirD</sup><small>TI.AMAT𒀭𒌓𒌈</small>、<sup>D</sup><small>TAM.TUM</small>）は、メソポタミア神話（シュメール、アッシリア、アッカド、バビロニア）における原初の海の女神。淡水の神[[アプスー]]と交わり、より若い神々を生み出した。例として、ティアマトは恵みをもたらす巻き毛の男神[[ラフム]]と対をなす女神[[ラハム]]を生み出し、この兄妹は次世代の神々の始祖と呼ばれる[[アンシャル]]と[[キシャル]]を、更にアンシャルとキシャルは後に天空神となる[[アヌ (メソポタミア神話)|アヌ]]を始めとする新しい神、次世代の神々を生み出した<ref name="shota">池上正太, 2006, Truth In Fantasy 74オリエントの神々, 新紀元社, pp.83-84</ref>。
メソポタミアの宗教では、ティアマト（アッカド語：𒀭𒋾𒊩𒆳 DTAM.TUM, 古代ギリシャ語: Θαλάτη, ローマ字表記:Thaláttē<ref name="oracc">[http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/tiamat/index.html Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses – Tiamat (goddess)]</ref>は原初の海の女神で、地下水の神アブズーと交わって若い神々を産んだ。
彼女は原初の創造における混沌の象徴であり、女性として描写され<ref>Luzacs Semitic Text and Translation Series, page150-line 122, Vol XII, http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/14907.pdf</ref>、女性の象徴であり、'''きらきら輝くもの'''として描写される<ref>Luzacs Semitic Text and Translation Series, page124-line 36, Vol XII, http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/14907.pdf</ref>。
In [[Mesopotamian religion]], '''Tiamat''' ({{lang-akk|{{cuneiform|7|𒀭𒋾𒊩𒆳}}}} {{transl|akk|<sup>[[dingir|D]]</sup><small>TI.AMAT</small>}} or {{Script/Cuneiform|7|𒀭𒌓𒌈}} {{transl|akk|<sup>[[dingir|D]]</sup><small>TAM.TUM</small>}}, {{lang-grc|Θαλάττη|Thaláttē}})<ref name="oracc">[http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/amgg/listofdeities/tiamat/index.html Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses – Tiamat (goddess)]</ref> is a primordial [[water god|goddess of the sea]], mating with [[Abzu|Abzû]], the god of the [[Groundwater|groundwater]], to produce younger gods. She is the symbol of the chaos of primordial creation. She is referred to as a woman{{sfn|King|1902a|page=150|loc=line 122}} and described as "the glistening one".{{sfn|King|1902a|page=124|loc=line 36}} It is suggested that there are two parts to the Tiamat [[mythos]]. In the first, she is a creator goddess, through a [[Hieros gamos|sacred marriage]] between different waters, peacefully creating the cosmos through successive generations. In the second [[Chaoskampf]] Tiamat is considered the monstrous embodiment of [[primordial chaos]].<ref name="StephanieDalley">{{cite book |first=Stephanie |last=Dalley | author-link=Stephanie Dalley |title=Myths from Mesopotamia |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1987 |pages=329 }}</ref> Some sources identify her with images of a [[sea serpent]] or [[dragon]].{{sfn|Jacobsen|1968|pp=104-108}}
In the ''[[Enûma Elish]]'', the [[Babylon]]ian [[Epic poetry|epic]] of [[Creation myth|creation]], Tiamat bears the first generation of deities; her husband, Apsu, correctly assuming that they are planning to kill him and usurp his throne, later makes war upon them and is killed. Enraged, she also wars upon her husband's murderers, bringing forth multitudes of monsters as offspring. She is then slain by [[Enki]]'s son, the storm-god [[Marduk]], but not before she had brought forth the monsters of the Mesopotamian pantheon, including the first dragons, whose bodies she filled with "poison instead of blood". Marduk then integrates elements of her body into the heavens and the earth.
