=== ネオペイガニズム ===
1933年、エジプト学者のマーガレット・マレーが『魔女の神』という本を出版し、パーンはヨーロッパ全土で魔女崇拝されていた角のある神の一形態に過ぎないと理論化した<ref name="T">Hutton, Robert, The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, https://archive.org/details/triumphofmoonhis00hutt, registration, Oxford University Press, 1999, isbn:978-0-19-820744-3</ref>。 In 1933, the Egyptologist [[Margaret Murray]] published the book ''The God of the Witches'', in which she theorised that Pan was merely one form of a [[horned god]] who was worshipped across Europe by a [[Witch Cult hypothesis|witch-cult]].<ref name="T">{{cite book|author=Hutton, Robert|title=The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft|url=https://archive.org/details/triumphofmoonhis00hutt|url-access=registration|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=1999|isbn=978-0-19-820744-3}}</ref> This theory influenced the [[Neopaganism|Neopagan]] notion of the Horned God, as an [[archetype]] of male virility and sexuality. In [[Wicca]], the archetype of the Horned God is highly important, as represented by such deities as the Celtic [[Cernunnos]], the Hindu [[Pashupati]], and the Greek Pan.
=== Identification with Satan ===