==== ゼウス・リカイオス ====
The epithet '''Zeus Lykaios''' (Λύκαιος; "wolf-Zeus") is assumed by Zeus only in connection with the archaic festival of the [[Lykaia]] on the slopes of [[Lycaeus|Mount Lykaion]] ("Wolf Mountain"), the tallest peak in rustic [[Arcadia (ancient region)|Arcadia]]; Zeus had only a formal connectionゼウス・リカイオス(Λύκαιος;「狼・ゼウス」)の諡号は、素朴なアルカディアで最も高い山であるリカイオン山(「狼山」)の斜面における古代の祭り「リカイア」に関連してのみ、ゼウスが引き受けるものである。ゼウスは、古代のカニバリズムの脅威と、参加者であるエフェベの狼男への変身の可能性を伴う<ref>In the founding myth of [[Lycaon (king of Arcadia)|Lycaon]]'s banquet for the gods that included the flesh of a human sacrifice, perhaps one of his sons, [[Nyctimus]] or [[Arcas]]. Zeus overturned the table and struck the house of Lyceus with a thunderbolt; his patronage at the Lykaia can have been little more than a formula.</ref> with the rituals and myths of this primitive [[rite of passage]] with an ancient threat of [[cannibalism]] and the possibility of a [[werewolf]] transformation for the [[ephebos|ephebes]] who were the participants.<ref>A morphological connection to ''lyke'' "brightness" may be merely fortuitous.</ref> この原始的な通過儀礼の儀式と神話と形式的な関係を持っただけであった[297]。 The epithet '''Zeus Lykaios''' (Λύκαιος; "wolf-Zeus") is assumed by Zeus only in connection with the archaic festival of the [[Lykaia]] on the slopes of [[Lycaeus|Mount Lykaion]] ("Wolf Mountain"), the tallest peak in rustic [[Arcadia (ancient region)|Arcadia]]; Zeus had only a formal connection Near the ancient ash-heap where the sacrifices took place<ref>Modern archaeologists have found no trace of human remains among the sacrificial detritus, [[Walter Burkert]], "Lykaia and Lykaion", ''Homo Necans'', tr. by Peter Bing ([[University of California]]) 1983, p. 90.</ref> was a forbidden precinct in which, allegedly, no shadows were ever cast.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160%3Abook%3D8%3Achapter%3D38 8.38].</ref>
According to [[Plato]],<ref>''Republic'' 565d-e</ref> a particular clan would gather on the mountain to make a sacrifice every nine years to Zeus Lykaios, and a single morsel of human entrails would be intermingled with the animal's. Whoever ate the human flesh was said to turn into a wolf, and could only regain human form if he did not eat again of human flesh until the next nine-year cycle had ended. There were games associated with the Lykaia, removed in the fourth century to the first urbanization of Arcadia, [[Megalopolis, Greece|Megalopolis]]; there the major temple was dedicated to Zeus Lykaios.