15,537
回編集
差分
ナビゲーションに移動
検索に移動
[[File:Ea (Babilonian) - EnKi (Sumerian).jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|Akkadian [[cylinder seal]] from {{circa|2300}} BCE or thereabouts depicting the deities Inanna, [[Utu]], [[Enki]], and [[Isimud]]{{sfn|Kramer|1961|pages=32–33}}]]
→シュメール語文献
シュメールの「イナンナとウトゥ」讃歌には、イナンナが性の女神になるまでの経緯を描いた起源神話がある<ref>Leick, 1998, page91</ref>。讃美歌の冒頭で、イナンナは性について何も知らないので<ref>Leick, 1998, page91</ref>、兄のウトゥに頼んでクア（シュメールの冥界）に連れて行ってもらい<ref>Leick, 1998, page91</ref>、そこに生えている木の実を食べて<ref>Leick, 1998, page91</ref>、性の秘密をすべて明らかにしてもらう<ref>Leick, 1998, page91</ref>。ウトゥはそれに応じ、イナンナはクアでその実を味わい、知識を得る<ref>Leick, 1998, page91</ref>。この讃美歌は、エンキとニンフルサグの神話や、後の聖書のアダムとイブの物語に見られるのと同じモチーフが用いられている<ref>Leick, 1998, page91</ref>。
「イナンナは農夫を好む」（[http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section4/tr40833.htm%204.0.8.3.3 ETCSL 4.0.8.3.3]）という詩は、イナンナとウトゥのちょっと戯れた会話から始まり、ウトゥは彼女に結婚する時期が来たことを徐々に明かしていく<ref>Kramer, 1961, page101</ref><ref>Wolkstein, Kramer, 1983, pages30–49</ref>。彼女は農夫のエンキムドゥと羊飼いのドゥムジに言い寄られる<ref>Kramer, 1961, page101</ref>。当初、イナンナは農夫を好んでいたが<ref>Kramer, 1961, page101</ref>、ウトゥとドゥムジは、農夫が彼女に与えることができる贈り物に対して、羊飼いはもっと良いものを与えることができると主張して、ドゥムジが夫としてふさわしいと次第に説得していく<ref>Kramer, 1961, pages102–103</ref>。結局、イナンナはドゥムジと結婚する<ref>Kramer, 1961, pages102–103</ref>。
The poem ''Inanna Prefers the Farmer'' (ETCSL [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section4/tr40833.htm 4.0.8.3.3]) begins with a rather playful conversation between Inanna and Utu, who incrementally reveals to her that it is time for her to marry. She is courted by a farmer named [[Enkimdu]] and a shepherd named [[Dumuzid the Shepherd|Dumuzid]]. At first, Inanna prefers the farmer, but Utu and Dumuzid gradually persuade her that Dumuzid is the better choice for a husband, arguing that, for every gift the farmer can give to her, the shepherd can give her something even better. In the end, Inanna marries Dumuzid.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|pages=102–103}} The shepherd and the farmer reconcile their differences, offering each other gifts.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|pages=101–103}} Samuel Noah Kramer compares the myth to the later Biblical story of [[Cain and Abel]] because both myths center around a farmer and a shepherd competing for divine favor and, in both stories, the deity in question ultimately chooses the shepherd.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=101}}
===Conquests and patronage===
''Inanna and Enki'' (ETCSL [http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.3.1# t.1.3.1]) is a lengthy poem written in Sumerian, which may date to the Third Dynasty of Ur (c. 2112 BCE – c. 2004 BCE);{{sfn|Leick|1998|page=90}} it tells the story of how Inanna stole the sacred ''[[Me (mythology)|mes]]'' from [[Enki]], the god of water and human culture.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=66}} In ancient Sumerian mythology, the ''mes'' were sacred powers or properties belonging to the gods that allowed human civilization to exist.{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|page=130}} Each ''me'' embodied one specific aspect of human culture.{{sfn|Black|Green|1992|page=130}} These aspects were very diverse and the ''mes'' listed in the poem include abstract concepts such as [[Truth]], [[Victory]], and Counsel, technologies such as [[writing]] and [[weaving]], and also social constructs such as [[law]], priestly offices, kingship, and [[prostitution]]. The ''mes'' were believed to grant power over all the aspects of [[civilization]], both positive and negative.{{sfn|Kramer|1961|page=66}}
